Bhupendra G. Prajapati

By Kapil Gore, Sankha Bhattacharya and Bhupendra Prajapati

Nanosponges are a class of nanoparticles characterized by their sponge-like surface that ensures high loading capacity. Cancer causes high mortality and requires precise treatment without harming the body. Hence, nanoparticles are required to target medications to tumor. Nanosponges may be synthesized from various polymers and metals, giving them distinct properties. The majority of polymer synthesis entails crosslinking, while metal synthesis entails the isolation of metal nanoparticles accompanied by their assembly into sponges. Nanosponges must be functionalized to precisely attack tumors. There are several patents on nanosponges synthesis and their use. Future trends in the usage of nanosponges include simultaneous distribution of several molecules and expanding the spectrum of use from medicinal delivery to substance encapsulation for a multitude of applications. As their usage in the pharmaceutical industry grows, more emphasis should be put on toxicity-related aspects induced by the near association of cell membrane and nanosponge resulting in intracellular dissolution or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which in turn damages various cellular components. Many techniques have been created to reduce toxicity, including functionalization with various materials such as antioxidants, polymers and altering nanosponges composition. As the application of nanosponges increases in many industries, the phenomenon related to toxicity must be further explored through research.

Part of the book: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

By Sankha Bhattacharya, Paul Rodriques and Bhupendra Prajapati

Part of the book: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

By Akash Kumar, Jhilam Pramanik, Nandani Goyal, Bhupendra G. Prajapati and Dimple Chauhan

Gut microflora that has been present in our bodies since infancy are known to influence health, metabolism, and disease. Diabetes is a developing epidemic, and treatment that cures diabetes has yet to be discovered. Probiotics are living bacteria that may colonize the human gastrointestinal system and help to maintain a healthy microbiome and help normalize disrupted metabolism in diabetic patients. Lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamine, and imidazole propionate seem to hinder insulin signaling, whereas secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and tryptophan metabolites seem to enhance it. This chapter emphasizes the relationship between gut microflora and impaired glucose metabolism. This chapter also covers the mechanisms through which probiotics alleviate diabetes by addressing the gut microflora from the perspectives of amino acid metabolism, intestinal permeability, immunological responses, oxidative stress, and SCFAs.

Part of the book: Advances in Probiotics for Health and Nutrition