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**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

Effusive Monogenetic Volcanism

The study of monogenetic volcanism around Earth is rapidly growing due to the increasing recognition of monogenetic volcanic edifices in different tectonic settings. Far from the idea that this type of volcanism is both typically mafic and characteristic from intraplate environments, it occurs in a wide spectrum of composition and geological settings. This volcanism is widely known by the distinctive pyroclastic cones that represent both magmatic and phreatomagmatic explosive activity; they are known as scoria or spatter cones, tuff cones, tuff rings, maars and maar-diatremes. These cones are commonly associated with lava domes and usually accompanied by lava flows as part of their effusive eruptive phases. In spite of this, isolated effusive monogenetic emissions also appear around Earth's surface. However, these isolated emissions are not habitually considered within the classification scheme of monogenetic volcanoes. Along with this, many of these effusive volcanoes also contrast with the belief that this volcanism is indicative of rapidly magma ascent from the asthenosphere, as many of the products are strongly evolved reflecting differentiation linked to stagnation during ascent. This has led to the understanding that the asthenosphere is not always the place that directly gives rise to the magma batches and rather, they detach from a crustal melt storage. This chapter introduces four singular effusive monogenetic volcanoes as part of the volcanic geoforms, highlights the fact that monogenetic volcanic fields can also be associated with crustal reservoirs, and outlines the processes that should occur to differentiate the magma before it is released as intermediate and acidic in composition. This chapter also provides an overview of this particular volcanism worldwide

and contributes to the monogenetic comprehension for future studies.

and ≤ 102

guished as dominantly formed by either magmatic or phreatomagmatic explosive activity and accompanied effusive processes. The magmatic explosive eruptions typically build scoria or spatter cones, while explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions characteristically form tuff cones, tuff rings, maars and maar-diatremes [1]. Associated with either activity, effusive emissions forming lava domes and lava flows are also common; consequently, these products are part of the mentioned volcanic edifices [2–4]. Frequently, individual effusive monogenetic emissions are also released into the Earth's surface, thus forming exclusively, or dominantly, effusive monogenetic volcanoes (e.g. [5]). In spite of this, they are usually not part of the monogenetic classification schemes (e.g. [1, 6, 7]), although many have been

years) are usually distin-

**Keywords:** lava dome, couleé, small-shield, lava flow

Monogenetic volcanoes (typically ≤1 km3

widely studied (e.g. [8–16]; among many other studies).

*Hugo Murcia and Károly Németh*
