**Acknowledgements**

*Updates in Volcanology – Transdisciplinary Nature of Volcano Science*

the Moho boundary or within the continental crust (e.g. [8, 10]).

self-mixing and minor crustal contamination occur (e.g. [13]).

where interesting effusive volcano geoforms exist.

releasing, even in compressional regional settings.

effusive products or even classified as large igneous provinces.

standing of the overall stress-field.

with intermediate compositions (e.g. SC2 shield-like volcano; [8]), and occasionally related to post-caldera activity (e.g. El Viejo Couleé, [60]). After several studies, it has been proposed partial melting zones linked to magma stagnation either around

The French Massif Central is another widely known example where effusive monogenetic volcanoes exist. The iconic Puy de Dóme [61] along with other effusive and explosive volcanoes (e.g. [62, 63], form the Chaine des Puys volcanic field [64]. Volcanoes from this field have been interpreted as formed by magma detached from a melt storage or reservoir in the upper crust, where crystal fractionation plus

In the west part of the Arabian shield [42, 52, 65], where mostly lava flows as effusive monogenetic emissions have occurred through time [66, 67], recent investigations have proposed a plumbing system composed of a melting region in the asthenosphere with magma stagnation zones in the upper part of the lower crust (e.g. [14]). Similarly, in the Colombian Andes, recently identified intermediate to acidic effusive monogenetic volcanoes forming volcanic fields have been linked to a plumbing system that include a magmatic reservoir located in the upper part of the lower crust [12]. This melt storage zone gives rise to the monogenetic volcanoes, but also to at least 10 composite volcanoes that exist in a 140 km-long

Finally, it is important to mention the widely known Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field in México [68–71], where more than 1000 monogenetic volcanoes have been identified [72]. Lava domes, small-shields and lava flows are characteristic of there (e.g. [15, 16, 73]. Although most of the volcanoes seems to be mafic to intermediate (between 50 and 62 wt.% in SiO2; [72]) some reach up to 69 wt.% (e.g. [11]), thus invoking crustal stagnation linked to evolution. Some others, however, seems to be the result of magmas detachment directly from the asthenosphere (e.g. [74]), as it also seems to occur in the Acigöl rhyolite field in Anatolia, Turkey [48],

Small, short-lived and dispersed effusive monogenetic volcanoes are common in different tectonic settings. They can be mafic but also intermediate to silicic in composition and grouped in field arrangements with their explosive counterparts. The volcanoes are common in convergent plate margins like the Andean arc, but also in orogenic regions like Anatolia or intracontinental settings like Arabia or Sudan. Crustal stagnation is common and eventually ready to act as a "source of melt" in small volume and distinct release; this leads to magmatic plumbing systems related to sort of extensional tectonic, small-scale, regimes acting as "windows" for melt

In the monogenetic mafic systems, the chemical signatures most likely reflect the source processes (i.e. magma generation, source depth, melting rate, among others), however, in effusive, commonly silicic systems, these primary features are overprinted by the shallow storage and melt segregation signatures. This makes somehow more complex the understanding of the magma evolution. This adds to the fact that the recognition of such silicic effusive monogenetic volcanic systems in the geological record is not easy and requires some petrologic work and the under-

Finally, we emphasise that effusive monogenetic systems as a conceptual framework could work in volcanic fields overwhelmingly effusive, with a huge volume of

**140**

volcanic chain.

**5. Conclusions**

Support from *Universidad de Caldas* to run a volcanology field course over four years that allowed to expand a greater collaboration between research students and researchers as well as to create an international expansion of collaborative works along the subject of this chapter is gratefully acknowledged.
