**5. Conclusions**

In the pH measurements made, the pH value of 7,3 in washing limonite finally at the last washing column flotation decreased to iron yield lower to 53%, depending on the concentration of salt content of slurries in the foam water.

In the three stage microwave cycling reduction test measurements made with found that 730 g Fe/kg in limonite/asphaltite char decreased to 530 g Fe /kg in last column output. Likewise, the reduced limonite ore iron grade increased to 76% Fe as final magnetic separation obtained after 10 min concentrating by low permanent magnet and Fe yield was at 47% of final performance.

The reduced iron ore pellets or sinters provided high quality steelmaking feeds in plant facilities. The other side in steelmaking is low impruty scrap feed and reduced iron contents. In our country, Iskenderun EAF needed this quality ironmaking reduced iron ores in steel ladles. There is lack of local miners to produce direct reduced iron ore and fluxing limed pellets which are working at ironmaking. The microwave reduction method use in this study proved that investing in high quality ironmaking and steelmaking feed.

Due to the low iron content of Şırnak limonites and hematite sands this effective method showed that retort reduction and magnetic separation following column flotation might be effective as bubble bed reduction. The total iron yield was also determined as 72% at not reduced sufficiently, as well as limonite product can be 56%. The recovery of limonite was 87% in the limonite flotation plant. The recovery in column flotation can be reduced to 68% of the bottom ash disposed.

Limonite content of the bottom ash was suitable for evaluation in sponge iron production so that the sponge product will provide benefits in terms of reduced

**121**

**Author details**

Turkey

Yildirim İsmail Tosun

*Concentration and Microwave Radiated Reduction of Southeastern Anatolian Hematite...*

be both beneficial in recovery and capacity for industrial iron produced.

costs as well as transport and environmental protection. The lower grade value can

In the proposed design of the microwave direct reduction following limonite flotation plant, reduced iron ore product was capable of total iron grade of 81% in the plant, as reduced iron (12–10 mm) 350,000 tons, industrial 80% iron grade may produced with microwave radiation and char use (−10 / -0.5 mm) of 20,000 tons, as the magnetic separated 165,000 tons of reduced iron was able to be produced in

Iron ores fines as limonite and hematite sands slime was finely concentrated by column flotation then managed efficient reduction by bubbling bath at 25% porosity at temperature of reducing at 900°C. It was determined that so great extent reducing rate 64% at 20 minutes and 72% of iron recoveries was found by a porous bubbling bath over 47–55% weight rate of limonite was optimized for reduction. The more efficiently conducted heat reduced more a low amount limonite with

This research was included primitive microwave ovens, but that smaller tubing flows reduction in microwave as sintering tube plants without any complicated equipment for operation. Two principle stages could still manage prospective pre reduction granule and pellet production in new sintering plants: improvement of preparation of limonite ores of minus 5 mm retort reduction process as well as optimization of the retort coal gas reduction quality. A second stage was principle microwave reduction tube passage has prevailed during the last reduction because of hematite core was becoming higher temperature CO reduction due to the act of the microwave radiation over core of particles This process was beneficial for using low quality coal gas and not needing sintering on the issue of energy and environmental dust emission ways.,Due to the produced granules was efficiently used in electrical arc furnaces for scrape steel and other mixture demands, in the steel plant operators improve scrape and dust controls in hot metal pouring. Approx. 5% of the total pig iron production was originated from the pre reduced iron ores ores of total 35 milliontons of pig iron production in EAF technology, which highly struggle on recover waste gas energy and dust, toxic emissions. This technology may imrove

Engineering Faculty, Mining Engineering Department, Şirnak University, Şirnak,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: yildirimismailtosun@gmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

dust control by stick hot matter in hot pouring process.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95231*

proposed model in **Figure 8**.

below iron weight rate of 35%.

#### *Concentration and Microwave Radiated Reduction of Southeastern Anatolian Hematite... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95231*

costs as well as transport and environmental protection. The lower grade value can be both beneficial in recovery and capacity for industrial iron produced.

In the proposed design of the microwave direct reduction following limonite flotation plant, reduced iron ore product was capable of total iron grade of 81% in the plant, as reduced iron (12–10 mm) 350,000 tons, industrial 80% iron grade may produced with microwave radiation and char use (−10 / -0.5 mm) of 20,000 tons, as the magnetic separated 165,000 tons of reduced iron was able to be produced in proposed model in **Figure 8**.

Iron ores fines as limonite and hematite sands slime was finely concentrated by column flotation then managed efficient reduction by bubbling bath at 25% porosity at temperature of reducing at 900°C. It was determined that so great extent reducing rate 64% at 20 minutes and 72% of iron recoveries was found by a porous bubbling bath over 47–55% weight rate of limonite was optimized for reduction. The more efficiently conducted heat reduced more a low amount limonite with below iron weight rate of 35%.

This research was included primitive microwave ovens, but that smaller tubing flows reduction in microwave as sintering tube plants without any complicated equipment for operation. Two principle stages could still manage prospective pre reduction granule and pellet production in new sintering plants: improvement of preparation of limonite ores of minus 5 mm retort reduction process as well as optimization of the retort coal gas reduction quality. A second stage was principle microwave reduction tube passage has prevailed during the last reduction because of hematite core was becoming higher temperature CO reduction due to the act of the microwave radiation over core of particles This process was beneficial for using low quality coal gas and not needing sintering on the issue of energy and environmental dust emission ways.,Due to the produced granules was efficiently used in electrical arc furnaces for scrape steel and other mixture demands, in the steel plant operators improve scrape and dust controls in hot metal pouring. Approx. 5% of the total pig iron production was originated from the pre reduced iron ores ores of total 35 milliontons of pig iron production in EAF technology, which highly struggle on recover waste gas energy and dust, toxic emissions. This technology may imrove dust control by stick hot matter in hot pouring process.
