**Meet the editor**

Dr. Fayez Bahmad is Editor In Chief of the traditional The International Tinnitus Journal. He went through the ENT Residency Program at University of Brasilia Hospital (Otolaryngology) and received his PhD at University of Brasilia Medical School under the orientation of Professor Carlos A. Oliveira, MD, PhD. He was awarded the prestigious Schuknecht Prize at the International

Otopathology Society Meeting held in Boston in 2003. He was a Fellow in Otology & Neurotology at Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, and Fellow in Human Genetics at Seidman Laboratory, Department of Genetics, both at Harvard Medical School when he was engaged in projects under the mentorship of Professor Saumil N. Merchant MD, PhD, one of the foremost professors and researchers in otology and otopathology. Professor Oliveira is well known for establishing otopathology laboratory in his department, and for having one of the most successful researcher groups in Otology in Brazil and South America.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

Kengo Torii

**Part 3 Somatic Tinnitus 69** 

Chapter 4 **Tinnitus School –** 

**Part 1 Tinnitus and Hearing Loss 1** 

**Part 2 Tinnitus and Stomatognathic System 13** 

Luis Miguel Ramirez Aristeguieta

D. Alpini A. Cesarani and A. Hahn

**Part 4 Tinnitus in the Emergency 85** 

P.H. Dejonckere

Chapter 2 **Tinnitus and Temporomandibular Disorders 15** 

Chapter 3 **Tinnitus and a Linked Stomatognathic System 33** 

Fayez Bahmad Jr, Carlos Augusto C.P. Oliveira and Lisiane Holdefer

**An Integrated Management of Somatic Tinnitus 71** 

Chapter 5 **Evaluation of Tinnitus in the Emergency Department 87**  Kerry J. Welsh, Audrey R. Nath and Matthew R. Lewin

Chapter 6 **Medico-Legal Decision Making in NIHL-Related Tinnitus 101** 

Ludovit Gaspar, Michal Makovnik, Matej Bendzala, Stella Hlinstakova, Ivan Ocadlik and Eva Gasparova

**Part 5 Tinnitus and Noise Induced Hearing Loss 99** 

**Part 6 Tinnitus and Metabolic Syndromes 115** 

**and Their Relation to Tinnitus 117** 

Chapter 7 **Components of Metabolic Syndrome** 

Chapter 1 **Tinnitus and Hearing Loss 3** 

### Contents

#### **Preface XI**


	- **Part 2 Tinnitus and Stomatognathic System 13**

#### **Part 3 Somatic Tinnitus 69**

	- **Part 4 Tinnitus in the Emergency 85**
	- **Part 5 Tinnitus and Noise Induced Hearing Loss 99**
	- **Part 6 Tinnitus and Metabolic Syndromes 115**

X Contents

#### **Part 7 New Alternative Treatments of Tinnitus 135**

Chapter 8 **Home Medical Device for Tinnitus Treatment 137**  Martin Lenhardt

Chapter 9 **Bhramari Pranayama and Alternative Treatments of Tinnitus: In Pursuit of the Cure 153**  Sidheshwar Pandey


### Preface

*Up to Date on Tinnitus* is directed toward the clinicians and provides detailed information on diagnosis of many different forms of tinnitus and their treatment as well as an overview of what is known about their pathophysiology.

Accordingly, this book does not cover all the different theories and management of tinnitus, but it does present an up-to-date information for those who deal with tinnitus in their clinical praxis such as otolaryngologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, clinical audiologists, dentists, and psychologists.

This book encompasses both theoretical background of the different forms of tinnitus and detailed knowledge on state-of-the-art treatment of tinnitus, written for clinicians by clinicians and researchers. Realizing the complexity of tinnitus has highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary research. Therefore, each of the authors contributing to the "Up-to-date on Tinnitus" were chosen from many specialties of medicine, like surgery, psychology, and neuroscience, and came from diverse areas of expertise, such as Neurology, Neurosurgery, Audiology, Otolaryngology, Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Pharmacology, Dentistry, and Neuroscience.

Many structures of the body, such as the ear, the auditory nervous system, the somatosensory system, other parts of the brain, muscles of the head and the neck are directly or indirectly involved in different forms of tinnitus. Treating and understanding the pathology of tinnitus requires better knowledge of otopathology and the involvement of many specialties of medicine, such as surgery, psychology, and neuroscience. Hearing loss may occur by genetic defects, presbycusis, viral or bacterial infection, temporal bone trauma, noise exposure, administration of ototoxical agents, but the cause of subjective tinnitus is often unknown. Severe tinnitus is often accompanied by symptoms, such as hyperacusis (lowered tolerance to sound) and distortion of sounds. Affective disorders such as phonophobia (fear of sound) and depression often occur in individuals with severe tinnitus. With such differences in symptoms, it is unreasonable to expect that a single cause can be responsible for severe tinnitus, which is yet another factor that makes managing the tinnitus patient a challenge for health care professionals.

Chapter 1 provides the reader with current knowledge on tinnitus and hearing loss; Chapters 2 and 3 describe the relation between stomatognathic system and the

#### X Preface

development of tinnitus and provide details on how tinnitus can appear in patients suffering with temporo mandibular disorders; Chapter 4 discusses the outcome of somatic tinnitus in clinical practice, an ideal integrated management.

Chapter 5 introduces possibilities for tinnitus management in the emergency department; Chapter 6 presents a critical overview of the Medico-Legal Decision Making in NIHL-Related Tinnitus; Chapter 7 discusses the components of Metabolic Syndrome and Their Relation with Tinnitus; Chapters 8 and 9 offer new alternative treatments of tinnitus as home medical device for Tinnitus Treatment and Bhramari Pranayama as Alternative Treatments; Finally, Chapter 10 presents the "Emotional Side" of Subjective Tinnitus.

It is a huge challenge to translate the results from basic research into clinical practice and all the authors have attempted to present the pathophysiological model in a clear way. Still the principles on which it is based and its mechanisms are complex and their understanding requires knowledge from various areas of neuroscience and the fact that tinnitus is not a simple disease but a group of diseases means tinnitus cannot be effectively treated by a single approach, and several disciplines of health care must be involved.

The Editor would like to thank Ms Romana Vukelic for her support in the preparation of this book.

Special thanks are due to Professor Carlos Oliveira for making valuable discussions and suggestions during the editing of the book.

> **Fayez Bahmad Jr, MD, PhD**  Health Science Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brazil

X Preface

Side" of Subjective Tinnitus.

and suggestions during the editing of the book.

involved.

of this book.

development of tinnitus and provide details on how tinnitus can appear in patients suffering with temporo mandibular disorders; Chapter 4 discusses the outcome of

Chapter 5 introduces possibilities for tinnitus management in the emergency department; Chapter 6 presents a critical overview of the Medico-Legal Decision Making in NIHL-Related Tinnitus; Chapter 7 discusses the components of Metabolic Syndrome and Their Relation with Tinnitus; Chapters 8 and 9 offer new alternative treatments of tinnitus as home medical device for Tinnitus Treatment and Bhramari Pranayama as Alternative Treatments; Finally, Chapter 10 presents the "Emotional

It is a huge challenge to translate the results from basic research into clinical practice and all the authors have attempted to present the pathophysiological model in a clear way. Still the principles on which it is based and its mechanisms are complex and their understanding requires knowledge from various areas of neuroscience and the fact that tinnitus is not a simple disease but a group of diseases means tinnitus cannot be effectively treated by a single approach, and several disciplines of health care must be

The Editor would like to thank Ms Romana Vukelic for her support in the preparation

Special thanks are due to Professor Carlos Oliveira for making valuable discussions

**Fayez Bahmad Jr, MD, PhD**  Health Science Faculty, University of Brasilia,

Brazil

somatic tinnitus in clinical practice, an ideal integrated management.

**Part 1** 

**Tinnitus and Hearing Loss** 
