**Abstract**

Agriculture forms the major part of our Indian economy. In the current world, agriculture and irrigation are the essential and foremost sectors. It is a mandatory need to apply information and communication technology in our agricultural industries to aid agriculturalists and farmers to improve vice all stages of crop cultivation and post-harvest. It helps to enhance the country's G.D.P. Agriculture needs to be assisted by modern automation to produce the maximum yield. The recent development in technology has a significant impact on agriculture. The evolutions of Machine Learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have supported researchers to implement this automation in agriculture to support farmers. ML allows farmers to improve yield make use of effective land utilisation, the fruitfulness of the soil, level of water, mineral insufficiencies control pest, trim development and horticulture. Application of remote sensors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, water level sensors and pH value will provide an idea to on active farming, which will show accuracy as well as practical agriculture to deal with challenges in the field. This advancement could empower agricultural management systems to handle farm data in an orchestrated manner and increase the agribusiness by formulating effective strategies. This paper highlights contribute to an overview of the modern technologies deployed to agriculture and suggests an outline of the current and potential applications, and discusses the challenges and possible solutions and implementations. Besides, it elucidates the problems, specific potential solutions, and future directions for the agriculture sector using Machine Learning and the Internet of things.

**Keywords:** Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Agriculture, remote sensors, Land utilisation

### **1. Introduction**

Précised agriculture depends on the utilisation of selective resources like water, fertilisers, seeds, and other necessary things. Sensor technology in the agriculture domain provides excellent support and offers the farmers to map their fields easily. Around the globe, the researchers of the agriculture domain strongly depending

on the sensor technologies for both plant phenotyping and soil quality by using the latest technologies, including multispectral cameras, satellite imagery and drones, with the aid of internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing [1, 2]. The achievement of increment in the production level of agriculture outcome by introducing sensor technologies which offer the improvement in crop and soil quality, safety of food, sustainability, and profitability [2]. It helps farmers to understand the crops on the microscale. Sensors-based techniques used to provide appropriate tools to achieve the goals mentioned above [2]. Different sensing phenomena adopted for the agriculture field, and few of the selective sensors and their functionality.
