Section 2 Open Science

**33**

**Chapter 3**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**1.1 The system of science**

Multiple Facets of Open: A

*Anne-Katharina Weilenmann*

will rise awareness of changing work behaviors.

Open Data, Open Educational Resources (OER)

creative ideas and artifacts are usefulness and relevance [2].

Different View on Open Science

Open – a well-known word, but with multiple facets: open, open-minded… In the publishing industry, "open" and "openness" describe a movement which has been setting the scene over the last decades, however the opening of science is not a new momentum. Writing down our thoughts and ideas is regarded as a first indicator of opening the human mind. To cope with information overload, paper slips were used as a favourite device - a precursor to modern index cards and card catalogs. The internet opens the doors to disseminate and share knowledge in a fast and easy way. Now, science is emerging in cyberspace and an innovative level of science is shaping, the evolution of Cyberscience. Science is shifting into the open, Open Science is developing as an additional form of doing research. These diverse perspectives are part of a colorful picture of an evolving scientific landscape, which

**Keywords:** Knowledge sharing, History of Open Science, History of Open Access,

Our world is a complex (eco)system, consisting of tiny structures, known and unknown secrets. Great creativity, genius ideas, surprising thoughts: these are only a few aspects of the creation of new knowledge, which allows to generate extraordinary findings and to disclose these secrets. It is a long and sophisticated process, sometimes an exhausting way to attain scientific and trusted results. Scientists carry a lot of responsibility, they are seen as experts "engaged entirely in a cognitive process, whose observation of phenomena and expertise in understanding what is observed leads to new knowledge." [1]. Observation of phenomena may be an important part of the whole scientific action and output; scientists may observe the entire environment and must have a critical view of the daily life. A lot of elements determine and influence the scientific process such as: thinking out of the box, curiosity, inspiration, the desire to investigate complex facts, great enthusiasm, staying power. Heinze focuses on scientific creativity and argues that essential elements of

Each scientist has probably his own strategy to reach his goals. The aforementioned abstract expressions show the complexity of the scientific system and raise the question of how we can describe this. What does «science» mean, is there any

#### **Chapter 3**
