**2.4 Embedded systems restrictions**

When coding on an embedded system, it is necessary to pay attention to the detail between optimization and readability of the code. If there is enough memory, a readable code may be preferred instead of optimization. Many certification processes are required for the newly developed product (IEC 62304, EN 50128,

**101**

*Biomedical Applications with Using Embedded Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96070*

thousands of dollars [16–19].

Restrictions are basically;

• Processing power

• Power consumption

embedded systems and new software. Any other expectations;

hardware.

• Cost

• Memory

solutions.

**3. Conclusions**

EN 50657, ISO 26262, IEC 61508 etc.). IEC 62304 is an important international standard, especially for medical devices. But a simple PCBs certificate cost can

To calibrate an analog sensor, it is necessary to communicate with the software via SPI and I2C. If such a digital sensor is not controlled by software, the operation is not successful. The problems that cause problems in the process of embedded system design are listed as follows; Debugging tools, Schedule, engineering team skill level, firmware itself, microprocessor, programming tools, interfaces, other

Additionally, hardware vulnerability situations such as Meltdown and Specter, caused by a hardware deficit in processors, are also a problem for embedded system

Current and developing features show that embedded system applications will increasingly continue to be used in biomedical applications, as in all areas of use. Expectation from embedded system application in biomedical systems as in others; industrial endpoint devices with various sensors on them are fault-tolerant and self-calibrated systems that aim to be able to influence the outside world and generate meaningful data, have a process capability when necessary, have a logical and virtual sensor approach. It is inevitable that the number of companies designing embedded systems will increase and the market will grow. New and better versions of the design cards are expected to be launched. The increase in software libraries and the low cost of embedded systems in health care will cause them to be preferred more because of their portability. It is also predicted that artificial intelligence applications in health will continue to increase with systems integrated with

• Monitoring of vital health parameters (sleep, epilepsy, heart, etc.), recording,

• Wearable devices; Flexible electronic devices capable of energy harvesting and storage, technologies that can send data to the cloud and receive commands,

wireless transfer and digital transfer (phone, tablet, computer, etc.)

and can be worn compatible with the Internet of Things

• Protective personal-real-time in vivo measurement systems

• Having e-health software that can run on common platforms

• Sensors and devices that increase portability

**Figure 4.** *Raspberry pi 4 model B [15].*

*Biomedical Applications with Using Embedded Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96070*

EN 50657, ISO 26262, IEC 61508 etc.). IEC 62304 is an important international standard, especially for medical devices. But a simple PCBs certificate cost can thousands of dollars [16–19].

To calibrate an analog sensor, it is necessary to communicate with the software via SPI and I2C. If such a digital sensor is not controlled by software, the operation is not successful. The problems that cause problems in the process of embedded system design are listed as follows; Debugging tools, Schedule, engineering team skill level, firmware itself, microprocessor, programming tools, interfaces, other hardware.

Restrictions are basically;

• Cost

*Data Acquisition - Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedical Engineering*

system applications.

diagnostic costs.

tor connected to it [16–19].

**2.4 Embedded systems restrictions**

Systems, Patient Queue Systems and their designs are also made with embedded

Apart from academic studies, there is also a large business area in the biomedical field. These medical embedded systems, embedded computing or customer needs for projects should be ready for SBC (Single Board Computer) use. They offer high performance and low cost effective solutions to entrepreneurs, medical staff and patients in the medical sector. Low-power and high-performance portable embedded systems offer many diagnostic functions, save time, aim to reduce overall

There is another card that is frequently used in electronic, robotic and biomedical designs like Arduino, it is Raspberry Pi. Arduino does not have an operating system. It can only run programs compiled for the Arduino platform, which means programs, mostly written in C ++. Raspberry Pi usually runs an operating system that is Linux. In other words, it can be called a mini computer with this feature. The Raspberry Pi is the smallest computer. They look quite similar at first glance. Pins, connectors, screw holes etc. In fact, both cards are very, very different from each other. The fact that the ram and microprocessors are much larger makes the Raspberry pi stand out in terms of software. It is an alternative portable computer

especially image processing applications in biomedical studies (**Figure 4**).

Medical devices that can perform image processing and many other operations are developed especially with software such as opencv simplecv. For example, working on an image taken with a medical modality is also possible with embedded system solutions. You can perform the software you make on a normal computer on image processing with an embedded system tool such as raspberry pi, arduino, nvidia or a more advanced mini computer or cards. For example, you can perform image processing such as edge detection over the image, thanks to the related software you wrote on the Raspberry pi and a moni-

When coding on an embedded system, it is necessary to pay attention to the detail between optimization and readability of the code. If there is enough memory, a readable code may be preferred instead of optimization. Many certification processes are required for the newly developed product (IEC 62304, EN 50128,

**100**

**Figure 4.**

*Raspberry pi 4 model B [15].*


Additionally, hardware vulnerability situations such as Meltdown and Specter, caused by a hardware deficit in processors, are also a problem for embedded system solutions.
