*4.5.2 Deposition of melted material*

The laser deposition is one of the widely used metal deposition processes. This process offers a several advantages over other conventional solid deposition techniques. The advantages such as robust deposition with more accuracy in placement of the deposited material and provide in ease of disposition for many functional materials by using its' powder form. This proposed process shown in **Figure 15** is similar in working principle to laser welding and laser cladding in which using laser beam to form a melt pool and subsequently powder injected. The powder which is injected is deposited and fused onto the substrate because of the scanning from the laser. As the whole process is driven by the laser, so by controlling its beam and travel speed part can be manufacturing very accurately and it is become easy to mange other variables of the process and material waste as well as manufacturing time reduced [28].

> iv. The process is good alternative for rapid prototyping; the process is also very suitable to produce deform parts, especially old automobile body parts

v. In comparison to conventional stamping processes, it provides a high formability. This characteristic of the process is due to the local

i. SPIF is comparatively slow process. The deformation is gradually done locally by the punch which travel on predefined ttrajectory to form

complex shapes. Although advance machines operate at high tool feed, and

ii. The accuracy from the process is very limited. The effect of spring back can not be easily predicated, and operation need to be done on trial-and-error basis.

Incremented forming with die can be implied for specific requirement that is

It is evident that the laser beam is provide a heat energy to change the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material, which result in ease of metal forming process. In the process shown in **Figure 18** a laser is utilized to heat sheet metal which eventually increasing the formability of the sheet and allows more effectiveness in single point incremental forming process SPIF. A laser beam is passed in front of the forming tool to heat the metal and to assist the forming process. A deep drawing process with laser assistance has been investigated. Prior to the deep drawing process energy of laser beam is used to heat the material locally, which allows the

very hard to deformed by AISF. As one can see in the **Figure 17**, process has combination of two action AISF and SF. In result this process provides more uniform distribution of thickness. In both process stage AISF and SF induce same thickness across the sheet. After as per requirement less thinning can be generated by SF. If there is any pocket in the geometry it will help to form accordingly as

whose die is outdated and no longer available.

*A Review on Advanced Manufacturing Techniques and Their Applications*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97702*

deformation produced by the punch.

**Figure 16.**

**107**

*Single point increment forming.*

Some of the limitation of the product is listed below:

it takes a time to form the sheet metal.

material would be available to fill the pocket [30, 31].

*4.6.2 Laser heat treatment and sheet metal forming*
