**5. Conclusions**

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks have been among the most active research themes due to their applications. The main factor limiting a sensor node is energy consumption. The battery-powered sensor nodes must be able to operate at very low Energy consumption.

The cluster-based routing protocols group the sensor nodes to efficiently relay to transmit data to the Sink. Cluster Head CH aggregates the data and sends it to the Sink in the name of the nodes in its group.

The most interesting research problem is how to form the clusters and choose the CHs so that energy consumption and contemporary communication parameters such as latency are optimized. Factors that influence on cluster formation and selection of CHs remain open questions for research.

Simulation results show that adapting the LEACH protocol with the K-Means clustering method that can extend network life and improve energy efficiency, increasing node survival and performance exceeds LEACH's in terms of the amount of data transmitted to the base station and network life.

## **Author details**

Bouakkaz Fatima1 \*, Ali Wided2 , Guemmadi Sabrina<sup>2</sup> and Derdour Makhlouf<sup>2</sup>

1 Superior National School of Computer Science (ESI), Algiers, Algeria

2 Tebessa University, Tebessa, Algeria

\*Address all correspondence to: f\_bouakkez@esi.dz

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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