**3.3 Sub categorization of hybrid manufacturing processes**

#### **Figure 5.**

*Sub categorization of hybrid manufacturing processes.*

next weld bead deposition, as shown in **Figure 7**. The combination of this process of welding pass and with face milling offers a advantage in controlling layer thicknesses range between A0.1 and A1 mm. After the sequence of weld bead deposition and face milling is finished, surface finishing operation is take place on same machining setup in order to subtract the left stair steps pattern on the surface of the machining part and to improve the accuracy of the near-net shape metal part [2–5].

*A Review on Advanced Manufacturing Techniques and Their Applications*

The combination of selective laser cladding (SLC) and milling process result in a

hybrid process and its design and construction is shown in **Figure 8**. By laser cladding a layer of material is deposited on the workpiece, and then subsequently milling operation was introduced to smooth the deposited clad surface. After the cladding operation, the engaged focal point of the laser was moved away and the workpiece was moved to the position beneath the milling head. Then, to achieve the desired accuracy and a smooth surface, the top surface of the workpiece with the deposited clad profile was machined in order to make the surface ready for the next

*4.1.3 Shape deposition manufacturing (SDM) and mechanical machining*

One of the variations of Shape Deposition Manufacturing is a Mold SDM and various process steps can be seen in **Figure 9**. SDM is a process which include additive and subtractive manufacturing process which is used to manufacture a various metal based and polymer-based parts. Almost every layer deposition technique breaks down the model into moderately thin and uniform thickness layers. However, in the process of shape deposition manufacturing layers are 3D, also it can be of arbitrary thickness and it has not compulsion to be planar. Such a decomposition in additive process allows the quantity of layers to be limited which is leads to reduction in processing time. In Mold based Shape Deposition Method molds are constructed using SDM process, afterwards these are used to cast a various part material. For illustration, the Mold Shape Deposition Methods construct succession for a basic part with three layers**.** The shape of the mold cavity is defined by the support material segments. The mold itself is formed by the support material which are constructed around by the segments of mold material. In initial step the mold is constructed up layer by layer by Deposition Methods techniques. In later step support material is removed which allowed a mold ready for casting**.** In subsequent

*4.1.2 Laser cladding and mechanical machining*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97702*

cladding operation [6–10].

**Figure 8.**

**101**

*Laser cladding and mechanical machining [6].*

**Figure 6.**

*Sub categorization of sub hybrid manufacturing processes.*
