*Computational Optimization Techniques and Applications*

#### **Figure 3.**

*General classification of advanced manufacturing techniques.*

are classified under Thermoelectric category. One new process is emerging in this category, this is microwave processing. Microwave processing of materials have been extensively used, especially in polymeric and ceramic material processing [1]. iv. Transformative Technology: Without changing its mass a workpiece is

processes are forming, heat treatment and cryogenic cooling.

injection molding and die casting are the example of additive

Based on above classification a sub-categorization of hybrid and sub-hybrid

manufacturing processes.

*Sub categorization of hybrid manufacturing processes.*

*Classification of hybrid and sub hybrid manufacturing processes.*

*A Review on Advanced Manufacturing Techniques and Their Applications*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97702*

**Figure 4.**

**Figure 5.**

**99**

processes are mentioned in **Figures 5** and **6** respectively.

**3.3 Sub categorization of hybrid manufacturing processes**

transformed to create another new workpiece. Examples of transformative

v. Additive Technology: To build a new workpiece material must be added to an existing workpiece which result in an increment in the mass of the final workpiece. The existing technology such as rapid prototyping processes,

The new trend in advanced manufacturing is hybridization of two or more than two manufacturing processes. The International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) has suggested two definition based on its nature of Hybrid Manufacturing.


#### **3.2 Broad classification of hybrid manufacturing techniques**

A classification has been done based on process nature and further its categorized in **Figure 4**. A classification by Kalpakjain and Schmid (2010) is as follows.


*A Review on Advanced Manufacturing Techniques and Their Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97702*

#### **Figure 4.**

are classified under Thermoelectric category. One new process is emerging in this category, this is microwave processing. Microwave processing of materials have been extensively used, especially in polymeric and ceramic material processing [1]. The new trend in advanced manufacturing is hybridization of two or more than two manufacturing processes. The International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP) has suggested two definition based on its nature of Hybrid

i. "A hybrid manufacturing process combines two or more manufacturing processes into a new combined set-up whereby the advantages of each discrete process can be exploited synergistically" (Open definition).

ii. "A hybrid manufacturing process comprises a simultaneous acting of different processing principles on the same zone" (Narrow definition).

A classification has been done based on process nature and further its categorized in **Figure 4**. A classification by Kalpakjain and Schmid (2010) is as

i. Joining Technology: Include processes which allowed two or more

ii. Dividing Technology: Contain processes which are the opposite to the

iii. Subtractive Technology: Contains operation which are responsible for material removal, in an order to make new workpiece materials has removed from a single workpiece, all machining operations are the

joining processes, for instance, sawing and disassembly.

examples of subtractive technology.

workpieces to join and to form a new workpiece. Examples are welding and

**3.2 Broad classification of hybrid manufacturing techniques**

*General classification of advanced manufacturing techniques.*

*Computational Optimization Techniques and Applications*

Manufacturing.

**Figure 3.**

follows.

**98**

assembly.

*Classification of hybrid and sub hybrid manufacturing processes.*


Based on above classification a sub-categorization of hybrid and sub-hybrid processes are mentioned in **Figures 5** and **6** respectively.
