Meet the editor

Dr. Aleksey Kuznetsov pursued his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, and graduated after three years of doctorate studies with a specialization in Computational/Theoretical Chemistry. He has been working in various subareas of this field of research since 2000. After several postdoctoral and visiting professor positions in Germany, the United States, and Brazil, Dr. Kuznetsov

obtained a permanent faculty position at the Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile. He has been working there since 2019, focusing his research on the computational design of various complexes of porphyrins, including core-modified porphyrins, with nanoparticles, fullerenes, and graphenes, along with studies of transition metal complexes, organic compounds with pharmacological applications, and more.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

*by Abdul Aziz Ali*

*by Nana Derkyi*

*by Aleksey E. Kuznetsov*

Antitrypanosomal Agents

*by Seham A. Ibrahim and Hala F. Rizk*

*by Brahim El Ibrahimi and Lei Guo*

**Preface XI**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Thiazoles and Their Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications **11**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 33**

Triazoles: Synthesis and Applications **63**

**Chapter 4 65**

Miscellaneous Applications of Azoles **83**

**Chapter 5 85**

**Chapter 6 113**

Azole-Based Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors for Metallic Materials

Azoles for Renewable Energy Development and Wood Treatment

*by Anna Kryshchyshyn, Danylo Kaminskyy, Philippe Grellier and Roman Lesyk*

Introductory Chapter: Azoles, Their Importance, and Applications

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole Derivatives

Thiazolidinone-Related Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential

1,2,3-Triazoles: Synthesis and Biological Application

## Contents


Preface

Azoles represent a broad, interesting, and promising class of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing from one up to five nitrogen atom(s), which can also contain at least one sulfur or oxygen atom as a part of their conjugated ring (N,S and N,O subclasses of azoles, respectively). The parent azole compounds, as exemplified by imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, tetrazole, and pentazole, are aromatic structures with two double bonds. Various successively reduced analogs, such as azolines and azolidines, with just one double bond, have been synthesized.

Only one lone pair of electrons from each heteroatom in the azole ring participates in the aromatic bonding. The numbering of ring atoms in azoles starts with the heteroatom that does not participate in the double bond and proceeds towards the other heteroatom. Imidazole, which contains two N atoms, and other five-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds with two nitrogens (e.g., pyrazole) are extremely common in nature and form the core of many biomolecules, for instance, histidine,

Azoles have always been considered suitable scaffolding for the design of various novel therapeutic agents. Various oxygen-containing azoles, as exemplified by oxadiazoles, oxazoles, and isoxazoles, have been thoroughly studied for their diversified biological activities. Widely used as potent antifungal agents due to their valuable properties like a broad spectrum of action, chemical stability, and oral bioavailability, various azole derivatives have also demonstrated many other promising biological properties including antidiabetic, immunosuppressant,

This book includes four sections. The first section contains an introductory chapter written by the editor and explains the importance and applications of Azoles. The second section, "Thiazoles and Their Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications," is composed of two chapters. Chapter 2, "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole Derivatives," presents the several types of thiazole-based heterocyclic scaffolds (monocyclic or bicyclic systems), their synthesis, studies of their biological activities, and the modifications of thiazole-based compounds to generate new molecules with potent antitumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Chapter 3, "Thiazolidinone-Related Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Antitrypanosomal Agents," describes the development of 4-thiazolidinone and thiazole derivatives with heterocyclic fragments, which exhibit good inhibition of trypanosome growth and might be potential candidates for the development of

The third section, "Triazoles: Synthesis and Applications," contains one chapter. Chapter 4, "1,2,3-Triazoles: Synthesis and Biological Application," considers numerous synthetic approaches for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, especially the popular click chemistry approach, and discusses several biological activities of

or parts of purine nucleobases.

anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.

new drugs against trypanosomiasis.

these promising heterocycles.
