**Author details**

*Analytical Chemistry - Advancement, Perspectives and Applications*

c = molar concentration of solute.

*Flow diagram of working principle of UV spectrophotometer.*

multicomponent analysis of samples [15].

thermodynamic parameters [19].

**7.5 Hyphenated techniques**

**7.4 Brief introduction of other spectroscopic techniques**

The natural Ultra-Violet (UV) absorption methods and chemical reactions spectrophotometric methods are having importance in pharmacopeia. In these methods quantitative data of reflection or transmission by the analyte as function of wavelength is measured. The method is based on the fact, that functional group of analyte absorbs UV radiation at specific wavelength in a solvent system. The λmax is the term used for maximum absorption of wavelength which is independent of concentration. These methods require less time and less labor consumption. The method also gives best precision. The UV-Visible methods are applied for

The Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is one of the spectroscopic techniques that can be applied for multicomponent analysis of all types of samples and having advantage of non-destructive technique. For the purpose of raw material testing, quality control of finished product and to monitor the process, the NIR spectroscopy plays important role in recent years. The great advantage of NIR is there no requirement of sample pre-treatment, the use of fiber optic probes and both the chemical and physical parameters can be obtained in single spectrum [15].

The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the advantageous techniques over UV and IR spectroscopy that it can detect the intermediate products like ions, reaction complexes, solvents of chemical reaction. The NMR spectroscopy provides unique information on the structure of intermediate due to which there is no need to restore various hypotheses to explain the mechanism of the process [18]. The mass spectrometry is one of the outstanding techniques in all type's spectroscopies due to its sensitivity, detection limits and its wide range of application. It is widely applied in biochemical problems like proteome, metabolone, drug discovery and metabolism. This technique can also be applied for pollution control, food control, forensic science and natural product or process monitoring. It can also be applied in atomic physics, reaction physics, reaction kinetics, inorganic chemical analysis, ion-molecule reactions and determination of

Generally, for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples, the separation technique is combined with the identification technique. In the analysis,

I = length of sample cell.

**Figure 6.**

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Mahesh Mukund Deshpande Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, M.S., India

\*Address all correspondence to: mahesh\_deshpande11@rediffmail.com; maheshdeshpande83@gmail.com

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