*1.6.1 Materials balances of electrostatic desalter*

The establishment of a material balance is necessary for modeling [7, 25, 29]. The material balance material allows us to have an idea of the results we need to get and correct some errors during the project in order to have a satisfactory performance of our facilities. To calculate the material balance of electrostatic desalter, it is necessary to know the data:

status "Expense" is similar to the desalting- dewatering process. 140 t of emulsion � 1.4 t of water in emulsion = 138.6 t of oil. The status "Expense" is similar to the

dewatered oil or desalted oil will be 138.6 t – 0.4158 t = 138.0897 t. According to this task and Russian GOST R 51828-2002, the water content in the desalted oil shall not exceed 0.5% of the mass. Thus, the water contained in the desalted oil will be:

The amount of water X is 0.0691 t.

The water content-X is 0.0691 t in the desalted oil. The total water content phase

Based on the previous results and by the possibility that we can really have more

The exercise of modeling is a variant very often useful and used in the modeling of units and devices [7, 14, 19]. This task is interesting in case we do not have a simulator or simulation and modeling program like Hysys Aspen to solve this operation. In the framework of modeling the desalination unit, we use the ASTM D 341-2003 standard is based on Walter's equation and proposes the dependence of

*lg* � *lg*ð Þ¼ *ν* þ 0, 8 *a* þ *b* � *lgT*, (6)

*a* ¼ *lg* � *lg*ð Þ� *ν*<sup>1</sup> þ 0, 8 *b* � *lgT*<sup>1</sup> (7)

0.4191 t + 0.4191 t = 0.8383 t. Consequently, the summary material balance of the installation is made. The total amount of drainage water is equal to the drainage water by oil treatment stage: 0.9332 t + 14.07 t = 15.0032 t. The material balance of

losses. We arbitrarily decide to multiply our losses by 2; the total loss is:

the electrostatic desalter installation is presented in **Table 2**.

*1.6.2 Modeling of the desalting process with electrostatic desalter*

the kinematic viscosity of crude oil (hydrocarbon):

<sup>100</sup> = 0.4191 t. The amount of

138*:*0897 t � 99*:*95% mass*:* (4) X � 0*:*05% mass*:* (5)

desalting-dewatering process. Loss is equal: ð Þ <sup>138</sup>*:*6�0*:*<sup>3</sup>

*The descriptive diagram of the desalting process.*

*Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90394*

**Figure 8.**

**115**

in the "incoming" status is 14 t + 0.14 t = 14.14 t.


The quantity of oil emulsion chosen is 140 t/h. the water Content of the initial emulsion is 1% of the total mass. The consumption of the demulsifier (surfactant) is 30 g/t. Our work in this part is to make material balances of the pre-treatment of the oil at the refinery. Electrostatic desalter performs two procedures at the same time which are: dehydration and desalination. The descriptive diagram e of the desalting process is presented in **Figure 8**. The amount of freshwater or water processing supplied at the desalting stage is 10% of the mass. The reagent is fed only at the dehydration stage. We consider the reagent water-soluble. First, the status of "incoming" is drawn up. The


#### **Table 1.**

*The physicochemical characteristics of Bonga crude oil.*
