*2.2.1 Bulk foam*

The bulk foam is an "agglomeration of gas bubbles parted from One another by thin liquid films. In bulk foam the total volume of gas (discontinues phase) is

**141**

*CO2-Philic Surfactants Structural Morphology Prerequests for CO2 Philicity for Foam Durability…*

relatively much larger than the thin liquid films (continues phase). It is regarded as a single stage of homogenous. The gas content in bulk foams is high which 60–97% is usually. In bulk form foams are produced when gas links a liquid in the presence

In porous media foam occurs as a distinct micro gas bubbles which is contact along the wetting fluid of aperture walls. Thin liquid films (lamella) make the bridge between these micro gas bubbles in order to separate them. In permeable media, the behaviour of spume and bubble size reliant on pore throat and pore size distribution. Mostly foam spread as bubble train in matrix of reservoir rock. In many cases, specific foam bubbles in reservoir matrix rock may be numerous pore bodies in length. Foam bubbles are mostly larger than pore bodies in porous media. As Foam present in the form of bubble trains in reservoir-rock porous media where the Plateau border of the foam lamellae is made at the pore wall and has, for stationary non flowing foam in the pore body, an angle of about 90° in the middle of the

• Transient foam: All foams are thermodynamically unstable reason is the high interfacial free energy. Affording to breakdown kinetics of foam films, the foam films may be of two types: The foams having very short life time only in seconds are called unstable foams. They are mostly produced using "mild"

surfactants, e.g., pine oil, phenol. Short-chain alcohols, aniline [7, 8].

• Stable foam: Second type of foam is permanent type with lifetime of hours, called metastable foams. These foams are generated by using good foaming agents (surfactants) proteins solid particles or long-chain fatty acids.

To create a foam three condition are required.1st Condition is the mechanical work so that the surface area is increased. This can be done by, dispersing a high volume of gas in the liquid, agitation, or inserting a gas in the liquid [9, 10].

decreases. And the last is foam must be produced more rapidly than it break.

The second condition is surfactants that must be available so that surface tension

Lamella's stability is the stability of foam. It depends on different factors which are rate of capillary drainage, mechanical deformations, surfactant concentration, like gas diffusion, aqueous phase salinity, anti-foaming effect of oil, disjoining

In film drainage process the lamella undergoes a thin method. Which goes toward the super thin or rupture of liquid films.it is also called structure of black spot. Gravity drainage and capillary suction can be done by two means. The drainage of gravity is usually occur in lamella that is thick .in this process due to

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90994*

liquid lamellae and the pore wall [4–6]. Foam may also have classified as:

**3. Condition to form foam**

**4. Stability of foam**

pressure [1, 4, 11–13].

**4.1 Drainage of film**

of powered agitation.

*2.2.2 Foam in porous media*

relatively much larger than the thin liquid films (continues phase). It is regarded as a single stage of homogenous. The gas content in bulk foams is high which 60–97% is usually. In bulk form foams are produced when gas links a liquid in the presence of powered agitation.
