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*Analytical Chemistry - Advancement, Perspectives and Applications*

associated with carbon dioxide solubility of molecules [8, 16].

**9.4 Methyl groups, PO groups and methylene groups**

*9.4.1 Carbonyl groups*

the carbonyl group [9, 40].

*9.4.2 Molecular weight*

molecule proposes that a qualitative as well as quantitative study of property– structure relationship is possible, that leads to the ability to predict properties

CO2-philicity is also favoured by the increase in methyl group number. Other factors that are considered in surfactant development are a smaller chain length, low molecular weight, lower no. of methylene and the propylene oxide groups.

Beckman and Styranec have formulated CO2-philic compounds by the use of only oxygen, hydrogen and carbon comprising precursors. They observed the polyether solubility was significantly influenced by the side chain or by adding the carbonyl group in its backbone. Addition of acetate group in the side chain gives an increase in solubility to a certain limit after that limit the solubility tends to decrease. According to the studies of Fink et al., the solubility of CO2-philic compounds in carbon dioxide was significantly influenced by the addition of a good number of ester-functional side chains. The effect of numerous fluorine and vinyl-acetate groups in the side chain was studied by Bilal Baradie. He observed the polyether solubility was strongly changed with the side chain or with the addition of

A lot of research studies have claimed that carbon dioxide solubility greatly depends on the MW (weight of molecular) of the compound, as PVAc. At low pressures oligomer PVAc-OH (Mw < 3000 g/mol) is found to be dissolved in carbon

dioxide but as the molecular weight increases it decreases in solubility. It was determined by Tan et al. Polymer's solubility such as PEC and PEE is significantly dependent upon their molecular weight as well as chemical structure of those polymers. A series of trials was conducted by Matthew B. Miller\* by the mixing of different solvents with various extents of carbon dioxide to measure the compatibility for both mixture components having bubble point as basis. It is observed that species with low MM (molar mass) having minimum one atom of O2 in ether, acetate groups/or carbonyl would have most favourable interaction with carbon

**10. CO2-philic surfactants as potential CO2 gas mobility control agent**

To reach the high recovery of oil, concerns regarding carbon dioxide movement have to be solved. By the use of foam the carbon dioxide movement can be efficiently controlled [7–10]. The velocity of carbon dioxide can be reduced

Although carbon dioxide has many advantages as being not-toxic, inexpensive, and gas that is not flammable overall process wipe-out efficiency is limited by the minimum viscosity, low density and the increase movement of the carbon dioxide. Most significantly, the poor process sweep efficiency that is caused due to the low density resulting in high velocity of carbon dioxide gas results in sticky fingering, an soon breakthrough of the inserted carbon dioxide gas and override of gravity. This undesired ratio of movement brings the process to a week wipe-out efficiency

dioxide through Lewis base/Lewis acid interactions [17].

and subsequently oil recovery is less anticipated.

**146**


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