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**9** 

A. Büttner(-Teleaga)1,2

*1South Korea 2Germany* 

*2University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten,* 

**The Effects of Sleep-Related Breathing** 

Sleep is a necessary and reversible behavioural state of perception, cognition, psyche and physical conditions. Abnormal sleep behaviours may include e.g. difficulties in falling asleep, breathing difficulties such as different kinds of apneas, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep onset-REM, leg movements, sleepwalking, sleep talking, tooth grinding and other physical activities. These anomalies involving sleep processes also include sleep

Within sleep there are two separate states, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eyes movement (REM). REM sleep is defined by EEG activation, muscle atony, and episodic bursts of rapid eye movement. NREM (non-REM) sleep is subdivided into four stages (stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 – Rechtschaffen & Kales) or three stages (N1, N2 and N3 – AASM), which are defined by the electroencephalogram (EEG). The NREM stages are parallel to the

NREM sleep and REM sleep continue to alternate through the night in cyclically. REM sleep episodes become longer across the night, stages 3 and 4 become shorter across the night. Sleep disorders have an impact on the structure and distribution of sleep. A distinction is important in diagnosis and in the choice of treatments. There are three very important sleep

Altogether, in Western Europe already suffer more than 10 % of the population from *Sleep-Awake-Disturbances* which has to be treated urgently; 800,000 from Sleep Apnea Syndromes

1. *Insomnia* is a sleeplessness and includes a decreased total sleep time, a poor sleep efficiency too little and a poor sleep quality caused by one or more of the following: trouble falling asleep (delayed sleep latency), waking up a lot during the night with trouble returning to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, and/or having unrefreshing sleep/not feeling well rested (even after sleeping 7 to 8 hours at night). Under this criterion the frequency is in the western industrial countries between 20-30 % in which about 10-15 % suffer under a very severe illness and 40 % of all depressions

2. *Narcolepsy* is a genetic disorder and characterized by sleep onset REM sleep, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness.

depth of sleep continuum (lowest in stage 1 and highest in stage 4 sleep).

disorders: Insomnia, Narcolepsy and Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

and 25,000 from Narcolepsy (PETER et al. 1995).

may be preceded by insomnia first.

**1. Introduction** 

itself, dream imagery or muscle weakness.

**Disorders on Waking Performance** 

*1Woosuk University, Samnye-up, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do,* 

