*Metal Forming of Magnesium Alloys for Various Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101034*

process of forging or extrusion, the cross-sectional geometries are usually more complex. The analysis of the influence of the geometry of the deformed sample in the non-standard compression test when the cross sections of the deformed sample are not circular (**Figure 11**) shows that the differences are significant in the mechanical behavior of the material (the level and course of the forming force, the change in the geometry of the upset sample).

Taking into account the different geometry of the initial material in the evaluation of the impact of the strain rate and temperature on the forging (upsetting) effect of magnesium alloy specimens (as a material test before designing the forging process) allows for determining the appropriate process parameters.

The results of modeling the upsetting process of magnesium alloys obtained in the form of temperature distributions, stress and strain distribution as well as strain rates provide the basis for determining the conditions of the actual process leading to a product without defects and with high-quality requirements.

The analysis of force courses as a function of displacement during the upsetting process of magnesium alloys showed that the value of the force required for deformation decreases with increasing temperature. The value of the force is strongly influenced by the shape of the upset specimen, including the geometrical parameters (number of corners, the measure of angles, axes of symmetry, and planes of symmetry) (**Figure 12**).

Both in numerical simulation of upsetting and in experimental tests, the values of the force needed to deform individual specimens are convergent. The more complicated the cross-sectional shape, the greater the force needed to deform a given specimen of metallic material.

**Figure 11.** *Upsetting test specimens.*

#### **Figure 12.**

*The effect of different geometry of initial material (shape of the cross section of the sample) on the force of deformation during upsetting test.*

**Figure 13.** *Influence of temperature on the course of force values during the upsetting of magnesium alloy a) AZ31, b) WE 43.*

The results of upsetting test for the forging process demonstrate different mechanical behavior of various Mg alloys: e.g., AZ31 and WE 43, and they are useful to determine plastic formability (**Figure 13a** and **b**).

On the basis of their analysis, it is possible to assess ability to deformation of magnesium alloys on the basis of determining:

• limit deformations, deformations leading to cracking, and force parameters during the process of metal forming.
