**3.2 Logical-based agent architecture**

Intelligence security is a fertile approach, as most existing security paradigms suffer from reactive and fragmented approaches [37]. In a frequently changing infrastructure, deploying an agent-based mechanism will be an advantage [38].

#### **Figure 1.**

*AI scope for the proposed framework.*

Modal logic is a candidate that supports a logical approach in artificial intelligence systems [39]. The main component of a knowledge-agent is a Knowledge-Base (KB) that consists of a set of sentences expressed using formal logic, in addition to two generic functions that involve logical inference. The first function is known as TELL, and adds new sentences (facts) to the KB to provide it with the required information. The second function is known as ASK, and queries the known information from the KB to determine the next step. The process between TELL and ASK will end as soon as the desired action is selected. The interaction between these two generic functions is similar to the updating and querying in databases, as illustrated in **Figure 2**. When an agent program is called upon, it performs two main actions. Firstly, it will TELL the KB what it perceives. Secondly, it ASKs the KB what action should be taken.

Therefore, agent-based architecture is suitable to represent an ABAC model. The logical agent, furthermore, will be appropriate for the proposed modal logic scheme. **Table 1** demonstrates how knowledge-based agent architecture can represent an ABAC system. The logical agent can be designed to represent an access-request state through a process of inference to derive a new representation of the access-request state that can be used to deduce required actions. The proposed access-control logic agent will be founded on knowledge-based agents, as this type of agent is logic-based [34].
