**2.2 Concept of quality control in smart manufacturing**

Although the past three Industrial revolutions had quality control (QC) well entrenched in the manufacturing and industrial complexes, the application of the QC was more routine based on sampling plans and inspections. This was due to the fact that the three industrial revolutions' manufacturing and industry were characterised by mechanisation, waterpower, and steam power (Industry 1.0 revolution); Mass production, assembly line, and electricity (Industry 2.0 revolution). The distinctive features of these two Industrial revolutions were that they were both labour intensive, therefore, division of labour with emphasis on specialisation. However, Industry 3.0 revolution was anchored on computerisation and automation, hence eliminating some manual work that were carried out by human beings. Goods produced were of high quality compared to the previous two Industry revolutions as automation and computerisation were both introduced into the manufacturing and industrial complexes to aid in QC [23, 24]. The question is how do quality control (QC) works under Smart Manufacturing? In the subsequent section, the Chapter reviews some of the current literature to conceptualise QC in the Smart Manufacturing context.
