**Author details**

Powering next-generation wearable/implantable biomedical devices, or smart textile, have gained extensive attention in recent years. Among the developed energy harvesting devices, DSSCs cell structures have become ideal candidates for developing practical self-powered biomedical devices or smart textile due to their lightweight, flexibility, high power-per-weight ratios, and superior mechanical stability/robustness. The conventional planar-shaped DSSCs with sandwich-like configuration includes five primary parts: TCO, an anode (semiconductor material), dye, redox electrolyte, and cathode (Pt/C). Based on the conventional planar structure, DSSCs can also be made into flexible configurations. Zhang et al. fabricated fiber-shaped DSSC and made a double-wire structure (shown in **Figure 19**). They have manufactured a flexible DSSC structure on a single wire (Ti-TiO2) and wrap the CNT around the tube array. CNT provides full contact with the active layer, unlike Pt, and provides uniform light absorption throughout the entire circumference ofDSSC [50]. **Figure 20** illustrates the fabricated fiber shaped DSSC [50].

*Solar Cells - Theory, Materials and Recent Advances*

Yang et al. further developed a wearable DSSC textiles method based on electrically conducting fibers. They have prepared fiber electrodes by aligning winding multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sheets on rubber fibers. The working fiber electrode was prepared by incorporating modified Ti onto the MWCNT fiber electrode (**Figure 21c**). The wire-shaped DSSCs could weave into wearable photovoltaic textile solar cells. The maximum cell efficiency of the wire-shaped DSSC

Incorporating CNT in the DSSC increases the interaction between electrodes and electrolyte, enhancing the cell performance of DSSC. In addition, incorporating CNT in the semiconductor material decreases resistance to the grain boundaries. It provides a unique charge carrier transport channel distributed uniformly in the host semiconductor to absorb the charge carrier from the collector. Cell performance of CNT based photoanode can be improved by optimizing the CNT concentration and deposition method. For CNT based electrolyte, the ionic electrolyte can be an alternative for traditional redox electrolyte. Also, CNT based ionic electrolyte provides better cell performance with enhanced durability. Finally, the CNT-based cathode can offer a large surface area and fast electron transportation, which

Lastly, incorporation of CNTs into DSSC will serve a significant role in produc-

ing solar cells that produce energy at an affordable rate relative to the existing energy generation approaches. New methods are frequently being published and will present opportunities for innovation in both research and industrial growth.

reached 7.13% [51].

**6. Conclusion**

**404**

reduces the chances of recombination.

Md. Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan1,4\*†, Fahmid Kabir2†, Md. Serajum Manir<sup>3</sup> , Md. Saifur Rahaman<sup>1</sup> , Prosenjit Barua<sup>2</sup> , Bikrom Ghosh<sup>2</sup> , Fumiaki Mitsugi<sup>5</sup> and Tomoaki Ikegami<sup>5</sup>

1 Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh

2 Institute of Energy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

3 Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh

4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Central University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

5 Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

\*Address all correspondence to: mosharraf22003@yahoo.com; mosharraf22003@baec.gov.bd

† These authors contributed equally.

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
