**4. Laser processing for photovoltaics**

*Solar Cells - Theory, Materials and Recent Advances*

Textured silicon surface with 100% pyramid density can be obtained on the surface texturization of monocrystalline wafers with solutions containing sodium-

**3.5 Rapid crystallization of amorphous silicon for thin-film silicon solar cell**

The novel crystallization technique for synthesizing crystalline Si film from a-Si film utilizing a VHF thermal micro-plasma jet is used as shown in **Figure 2** [37]. **Figure 3** shows the photocurrent–voltage characteristics and collection efficiency for p–i–n Si thin-film solar cells with crystallized Si films as an intrinsic

*(a) Photocurrent–voltage characteristics, (b) collection efficiencies spectra of solar cells [adapted from [37]* 

*Rapid crystallization of amorphous silicon utilizing a very-high-frequency micro-plasma jet.*

**3.4 Anisotropic silicon etching**

hydroxide and isopropanol [36].

layer [37].

**428**

**Figure 3.**

**Figure 2.**

*with permission].*

The laser modified surface and the nature of dopants and defects in the crystalline grains are crucial to improve the performance of solar cells. Pulsed-laser hyper doping & surface texturing for photovoltaics, laser processing for thinfilm (TF) photovoltaic, Light trapping for thin silicon solar cells by Femtosecond Laser Texturing, Patterning of Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) layers by Femtosecond Laser as well Solar cells based on laser-modified materials are discussed in the following section.
