*2.5.4.1 DC/DC converters*

*Solar Cells - Theory, Materials and Recent Advances*

**2.5 Typical solar system components**

detrimental to the life of the battery [8].

There are two main types of convertor's:

**(c-Si):**

• Stable.

Advantage • Well established and

Disadvantages Uses expensive material.

**Monocrystalline silicon** 

test technology.

• Can be made in square cells better power density.

• Waste in slicing wafers.

Efficiency Cell 20–30% 18–22% 13.5% Production cell 12–15% 11–14% 2–6%

support structure or frame is called a photovoltaic module.

There are two primary types of PV technologies available commercially are crystalline silicon and thin film. **Table 1** shows two different type of

A number of solar cells electrically connected to each other and mounted in a

Battery serves two important purposes in a photovoltaic system: to provide electrical energy to the system when energy is not supplied by the array of solar panels, and to store excess energy generated by the panels whenever that energy

It used to ensure that the battery is working in appropriate conditions, and to avoid overcharging or over discharging the battery, both of which are very

**Crystalline silicon Thin film**

**Multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si):**

• Well established and tested technology • Stable efficiency • less expensive than single crystal silicon. • Square cells allow efficient packing density.

• Uses expensive material. • Waste in slicing wafers.

**Amorphous silicon**

• Low material use. • Preparation of thin films

• Pronounced degradation in power output. • Low efficiency.

• It is difficult to maintain uniformity of the film over large areas.

is possible. • Higher Absorption properties. • Potential for low cost. • Less affected by shading.

Types:

solar module.

*2.5.1 PV module*

*2.5.2 The battery*

exceeds the load [8].

*2.5.3 The regulator*

*2.5.4 Convertor*

**442**

**Table 1.**

*Shows types of solar modules [9].*

DC/DC converters transform a continuous voltage to another continuous voltage of a different value.
