**3.4 Interfacial modification**

There are numerous efforts to improve cell performance from different modifications techniques such as different semiconductors, dyes, or ionic conductors or on changing its nanostructures [53, 54]. Most of modification works show a tradeoff relation between the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage. This can be explained the the modification of components affect sensibility of charge-transport and recombination dynamics [55]. Therefore, this has been a big challenge in the field of DSSC design. In this book, effective surface passivation and treatment method provide on how it possible to contribute on the cell performance.
