**2.2 Bottom-up energy analysis system (BUENAS) model**

The BUENAS model presents the conclusion for energy usage in applications and illumination in the construction industry in order, which along with the findings of the heat energy use of such a 3CSEP-HEB method, render it possible to quantify the overall energy consumption in buildings.

• Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) has established the BUENAS model for the end-use energy market scenario in the United States. This plan was sponsored by the Joint Marking of three Association Department.

This model approach produces outcomes for more than ten countries and the European Union with 27 members as a common area, including different energyconsuming goods (excluding appliances, such as TVs, laptops, etc.) in the domestic, commercial and industrial markets. The energy consumption prediction approach in BUENAS is focused on three main factors:

Two main scenarios mean the differences between the two models: Business as usual and best practice scenario. Under its scenario, energy consumption development is guided by market behavior and intensity. At the same time performance, is "frozen", the BP case focuses on catching future impacts of improvement-related policies, predicting that all governments can reach aggressive output goals by 2015. Standards will also have strengthened in 2020, ensuring whether the same degree of progress is attained in 2020 as in 2015 or which a particular goal, known as the new "best possible technology," is met by 2020.

#### **2.3 Building integrated solar energy model**

The author of this chapter, which considers different geographic, structural, morphological and climate conditions variables, has developed an alternative approaches Building Integrated Solar Energy model to assess the extent to which energy consumption could be met.

The BISE framework's primary goal is to analyze the highest allowable technical capacity and dynamics of solar power provided by built-in hybrid solar technologies. For this purpose, detailed climate data were taken from the NASA repository for some key variables (ambient temperature, top atmospheric irradiation, global irradiation, humidity data, wind speed, etc.).

The BISE method's additional advantage is exposure to high-resolution climate details, analyzing it via an advanced measurement method, extracting estimates for the future solar thermal and electrical performance of solar technology, and visualizing the estimates. This has been generalized for each area, outdoor environment, and site plan employing the roof area's various estimations to implement solar systems. The usable roof area is calculated by adding roof-to-floor ratios to the correlating floor area figures from the 3CSEP model as well as other access considerations extracted from the reference to compensate for the shaded areas and the gaps filled by roofing facilities. The RTR levels at each zone and buildings style are obtained by Geographic information systems datasets on regional urban development areas produced by Esmaeili Shayan [3] as well as further analyzed by the authors of this chapter utilizing Geographic information spatial analysis and zoning statistical techniques (see [3]). The spatial analysis's main objective is "to meet the demands and relationship issues, taking into consideration the spatial location of the phenomenon under investigation in a direct manner" [6].

While the roof area calculations primarily are using the floor area findings of the 3CSEP method as source evidence, the BISE method's configuration is quite close to that of the 3CSEP model in terms of areas, housing styles, temperature zones, and vintage architecture and simulation horizons. These elements of the layout are listed in more depth below.

#### *2.3.1 Geographic coverage (GC)*

In place to encourage a link between the results of the BISE and the 3CSEP designs, the analysis is carried out for whatever divisional division as presented in [7]. These areas of the country have included the following: Western Europe (WEU), Middle East (MEA), Centrally Organized Asia (CPA), Pacific OECD (PAO), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), Sun-Saharan Africa (AFR), former the Soviet Union (FSU), North America (NAM), Eastern Europe (EEA), South Asia (SAS), Other Pacific (PAS).

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*Solar Energy and Its Purpose in Net-Zero Energy Building*

The initial GIS data details were gathered for each hour of each year for 5 years from 2001 to 2005, and the 5-year estimate was determined for each level. Such data collection was used in the 2005 base year selected for compatibility with the 3CSEP model. The methodology considers every period and every year from 2005–2050.

The Building Integrated Solar Energy model argument predicts that solar heat generated by PV/T systems can also be used for water and space heat generation. In

The Building Integrated Solar Energy model distinguishes between different types of buildings (residential: single- or multifamily; public and industrial: school, office, hotels and cafes, retail, health care, other housing, or buildings), vintages (retrofitting, modern, new, existing, and advanced retrofitting), seasonal conditions

The Building Integrated Solar Energy design focuses primarily on buildingintegrated on-site solar power. These systems can usually be broadly classified into two categories: solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) systems. The latter produces heat, while the latter generates power. As the house needs both, maximizing the development of solar energy on the construction sites may demand the configuration of both kinds of processes. This might induce the "battle on the roof" (not enough space on the roof for both PV and solar collectors to meet energy demands) and lead to increased costs, esthetic problems, and a boost in the energy of the solar systems [3]. While solutions to this challenge currently exist by integrating solar systems with other innovations (e.g., photovoltaic + heat pump), since this chapter emphasizes exclusively on solar power, a thermal + photovoltaic hybrid solar system is perceived to be one of the most "fully solar" approaches to this problem. A solar hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system (PV/T system) is a mixture of photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar thermal elements. PV/T is a system that allows PV cells as a heated substrate to transform radiation into electric power; the solar thermal collector converts solar heat into electricity and removes waste heat from the PV module. These elements' goal is to use the heat produced in the PV panel to generate not only electrical but also thermal energy [8]. Such a hybrid setup generates an electrical utilization of the system as heat extraction and utilization reduces the systems' temperature and thus improve their performance. Configuration of photovoltaic plus thermal systems provides an opportunity to significantly increase the generation of solar energy for various end-uses compared to separate systems in the same roof area. As this chapter focuses on estimating the maximum possible technical potential of renewable energy in building structures, photovoltaic plus thermal technology was considered to be the most efficient model-long exercise workable alternative. In order to evaluate the hypothetical technological potential of built-in solar power, it is expected that photovoltaic plus thermal systems will be mounted on the available roof places during the construction or renovation of structures, beginning with some of those feasibility studies in 2014 then slowly expanding the

contrast, solar electricity is used for lighting, space cooling, and appliances.

*2.3.4 Climatic factors, construction vintages, housing styles*

which are the same as the 3CSEP model.

*2.3.5 Solar energy technology*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93500*

*2.3.2 Timetable*

*2.3.3 End-use of energy*
