**Author details**

*Zero-Energy Buildings - New Approaches and Technologies*

5.6% more uncomfortable than currently.

*Comfort potential and building energy consumption.*

Discomfort potential was estimated to 71.2% (current); 74.4% (2030), and 76.8% (2050). These results show that in 2050, indoor air of the building will be

It is very important to notice that in specific case of scenario1, energy demand is found at zero. This does not mean that the building does not consume energy, it is just to explain that at this point the energy production is equal to the consumption of the building. The different energy values assigned a sign (−), explain that at this moment there is overproduction. These results are very interesting, and can be used by the building specialists. The electrification rate in Madagascar is one of the lowest in Africa: only 15% of the inhabitants are connected to an electricity grid. This figure rises to 58% in urban areas and drops to 4.7% in rural areas, which nevertheless accounts for 70% of the country's population. It would be recommended to the Malagasy government to create favorable conditions to encourage the population to design new buildings more ecological and comfortable. One of the limitations of this research is that the type of building proposed costs up to 40% more expensive than the more conventional buildings found in the big island. But today, it is revealed in the literature that only 2% of the Malagasy population would be able to build this kind of building. We are well aware of this, but we think that the ideal for a more sustainable solution is to build new buildings in the big island by respecting the criteria mentioned in

In this research, we analyzed and suggested a model allowing to reach net zero energy building and in certain measure created a building with positive energy in Antananarivo. Operational carbon was estimated to be around 3.7 kgCO2/m2

operative temperature was between 19 and 23°C, in this period, the comfort potential was from 30%. The results found in this study showed it is possible to reach objective "Net Zero energy building" in Madagascar island by respecting the way detailed in this research. The degree of vulnerability in climate change is very high in Madagascar. The Malagasy government should propose more reliable control and adaptation strategies, for example the case of the extension of ecological buildings is very interesting. In a future study, we will study the case of implementation of the

. The

**10**

this study.

**Figure 6.**

**4. Conclusion**

concept Net zero energy neighborhood.

Modeste Kameni Nematchoua1,2\* and Sigrid Reiter2

1 Beneficiary of an AXA Research Fund Postdoctoral Grant, Research Leaders Fellowships, Paris, France

2 Management and Analysis (LEMA), Liège, Belgium

\*Address all correspondence to: kameni.modeste@yahoo.fr; mkameni@uliege.be

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
