**4. Sustainable development**

Sustainable development is the development that meets the present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs [15]. There are three pillars for sustainable development:


The environmental protection aspect deals with climate change issues, resource depletion, land use and ecology, and waste concerns and impact of cities. The human social concerns and issues deal with justice, intragenerational equity, intergenerational equity, and health and well-being issues. On the other hand, the economic development deals with developed and developing counties, employment, modernization, and technological changes.

To solve current issues toward sustainable designs, designers should meet most of the items listed under each of the three pillars. These could be visualized as the intersection common areas shown in **Figure 3**.

**Figure 3.** *Designers' choice to achieve the best results that meet sustainable designs.*
