Implementation of Zero-Energy Buildings in Different Contexts

**3**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Net Zero Energy Buildings and

Study of Madagascar Island

*Modeste Kameni Nematchoua and Sigrid Reiter*

sustainable building, and more adapted to climate change concept.

Nowadays, climate change has become one of the major concerns of all governments and politicians around the world [1, 2]. According to the IPCC, it is expected a temperature increase ranging from 2 to 3.5°C depending on the region [3, 4]. The results proved by some experts in this field showed that sub-Saharan Africa was one of the most vulnerable regions [5, 6]. The objectives of the European Union oriented towards the energy efficiency stipulate that the design of the ecological buildings and more adapted to the new current climate can be a solution to this plague [7]. The search for carbon neutrality by trying to live in the most ecological way is a good thing, but living, in addition, in "green" buildings is even better [8]. The notion of sustainable building varies according to the scientific and specialist fields. Overall, it is a healthy construction, using natural materials [7]. A building must first of all adapt to the man, the well-being of the occupants being capital [9]. Specialists in this field condemn the use of toxic substances in the industrial manufacture of building materials. The key role of energy conservation specialists

**Keywords:** Net Zero energy, low carbon, building, island

Low Carbon Emission, a Case of

The buildings respecting the concept "Net Zero energy" are becoming more and more flowering in the world these last years. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the different possibilities of implementation of buildings with Net zero energy and low environmental impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa. The proposed building is 80% made of local materials with low carbon emissions and especially at lower cost. The optimization and modeling of the building is carried out by the Design Builder software, which is a world-renowned software in the field of optimization of comfort, cost, carbon reduction, etc. By fixing the insulation thickness up to 11 cm, cooling and heating energy are found equal to zero during the different operating seasons in this residential building. The results show that the optimal solution to consider a net zero energy building in Antananarivo city requires an additional expense estimated at 40% of the cost of buildings more conventional encountered in the island. This will save \$475 each year starting in 2030, with 99% reduction in the CO2 release. The choice of local materials with low conductivity, low emissions, and low cost, has a significant impact on the implementation of a
