**2. Research methods**

Energy modeling is commonly used to estimate future energy consumption or the production of electricity in various industries. Two main types are generally reported in the literature: top-down and bottom-up [3]. Top-down methods utilize collated macroeconomic variables, including historical patterns, to create largescale relationships between sectors in the economy [4]. The bottom-up studies depend on forecasts focusing on comprehensive technical and cost details from different sub-sectors, reflecting the total energy use of a nation or segment of the market [5]. Although bottom-up methods usually have even more comprehensive and consistent outcomes, the exposure and processing of disaggregated data needed for these models are sometimes tricky and often impossible.

Some studies develop the findings of a regional bottom-up approach that enables energy simulation of building energy usage and on-site solar energy generation with GIS techniques utilizing a variety of geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. GIS platform provides a broad range of methods for capturing, processing, extracting, and visually presenting geographically related results.

This modeling exercise's principal goal is to measure the full feasible hypothetical technological ability of building-integrated solar energy to satisfy the building energy needs and achieve a net zero value of building energy efficiency. The model assumes significant technical (and policy) advances to realize this solar energy promise by 2025. The simulation method, which is discussed in this article, consists of 3 key steps in tandem with various data sources. Although the author's BISE design is the key empirical tool for the findings provided in this section, the other two key components include only some of the data required to draw application provides and are thus defined in far less depth in this study. The mathematical descriptions of such models can be derived from the references seen in **Figures 2** and **3**. BISE method estimates the capacity for buildingintegrated solar energy supply, together with the findings on building energy usage from 3CSEP-HEB and BUENAS simulations, providing the ability to draw insights as to how much of these energy requirements can be fulfilled by solar energy in various regions and building styles.

#### **2.1 CSEP: model of the HEB**

3CSEP model of the HEB was established by the team of researchers (including the author of this chapter) at the Tarbiat Modares University to estimate the future usage of thermal energy building between 2015 and 2050 under a variety of policy-driven scenario. The design's central concept is a performance-based method for building energy consumption research, which views the buildings as

**65**

*Solar Energy and Its Purpose in Net-Zero Energy Building*

a comprehensive structure rather than a collection of individual operating systems. In this method, the input variables of the main model has been the actual final energy efficiency of ideal houses (for each field, weather region, building size, vintage house) per square meter of its floor space obtained by the team of researchers from a variety of different sources recorded in [5]. Some rather building energy intensity levels are then compounded by the corresponding building floor space figures to measure the total energy usage independently for space heating, cooling and heat water in various countries, temperature zones, based treatment and vintages. That floor space has a different measurement formula for industrial and residential buildings that considers typical development activities such as relocation, reconstruction, and new growth, guided by demographic trends and economic growth shifts. This model integrates three scenarios, that imply specific levels of policy commitment in the area of energy performance construction and, accordingly, varying types of buildings energy

• The deep capacity paradigm presupposes an aggressive expansion of quality standards in energy conservation in buildings globally. Building energy efficiency is at the standard of passive design energy output (15–30 kilowatt

• Strong performance scenario is poor continuity of current government patterns and small developments in energy quality construction in some developing countries. Built energy efficiency is at the standard of local building codes (100–200 kilowatt hour/sqm for air conditioning systems based on the

• Cold performance scenario suggests that the existing state of energy performance in buildings would stay constant throughout the studied span without implementing new policy tools or technical changes relevant to energy effi-

An in depth scenario has been used mainly to study the net zero energy building capacity because it implies substantial increase in power quality required to meet the NZE purpose. The effects of the energy usage from such a scenario are further compared to the projections of the BISE method's built in solar power capacity, as

The BUENAS model presents the conclusion for energy usage in applications and illumination in the construction industry in order, which along with the findings of the heat energy use of such a 3CSEP-HEB method, render it possible to

• Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) has established the BUENAS model for the end-use energy market scenario in the United States. This plan was

This model approach produces outcomes for more than ten countries and the European Union with 27 members as a common area, including different energyconsuming goods (excluding appliances, such as TVs, laptops, etc.) in the domestic,

sponsored by the Joint Marking of three Association Department.

hour/sqm for air conditioning based on the location).

**2.2 Bottom-up energy analysis system (BUENAS) model**

quantify the overall energy consumption in buildings.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93500*

efficiency in the national housing stock:

location).

mentioned following.

ciency and conservation.

### *Solar Energy and Its Purpose in Net-Zero Energy Building DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93500*

*Zero-Energy Buildings - New Approaches and Technologies*

effect on the ability to reach a net zero energy target.

distributed technology [3].

**2. Research methods**

cost effective solutions for lowering electricity demand that significantly reduces the scale and thus the expense of the clean energy systems required and associated

energy supply to move toward certain net zero energy quality. The results are taken based on the creation of the Building Integrated Solar Power System and the evidence from two other well-known field researches. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that energy conservation and sustainable energy production are inseparable solutions and that the inadequacy of each of them has an enraging

This chapter aims to analyze synergy among power efficiency and on-site solar

Energy modeling is commonly used to estimate future energy consumption or the production of electricity in various industries. Two main types are generally reported in the literature: top-down and bottom-up [3]. Top-down methods utilize collated macroeconomic variables, including historical patterns, to create largescale relationships between sectors in the economy [4]. The bottom-up studies depend on forecasts focusing on comprehensive technical and cost details from different sub-sectors, reflecting the total energy use of a nation or segment of the market [5]. Although bottom-up methods usually have even more comprehensive and consistent outcomes, the exposure and processing of disaggregated data

Some studies develop the findings of a regional bottom-up approach that enables energy simulation of building energy usage and on-site solar energy generation with GIS techniques utilizing a variety of geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. GIS platform provides a broad range of methods for capturing, processing,

This modeling exercise's principal goal is to measure the full feasible hypothetical technological ability of building-integrated solar energy to satisfy the building energy needs and achieve a net zero value of building energy efficiency. The model assumes significant technical (and policy) advances to realize this solar energy promise by 2025. The simulation method, which is discussed in this article, consists of 3 key steps in tandem with various data sources. Although the author's BISE design is the key empirical tool for the findings provided in this section, the other two key components include only some of the data required to draw application provides and are thus defined in far less depth in this study. The mathematical descriptions of such models can be derived from the references seen in **Figures 2** and **3**. BISE method estimates the capacity for buildingintegrated solar energy supply, together with the findings on building energy usage from 3CSEP-HEB and BUENAS simulations, providing the ability to draw insights as to how much of these energy requirements can be fulfilled by solar

3CSEP model of the HEB was established by the team of researchers (including the author of this chapter) at the Tarbiat Modares University to estimate the future usage of thermal energy building between 2015 and 2050 under a variety of policy-driven scenario. The design's central concept is a performance-based method for building energy consumption research, which views the buildings as

needed for these models are sometimes tricky and often impossible.

extracting, and visually presenting geographically related results.

energy in various regions and building styles.

**2.1 CSEP: model of the HEB**

**64**

a comprehensive structure rather than a collection of individual operating systems. In this method, the input variables of the main model has been the actual final energy efficiency of ideal houses (for each field, weather region, building size, vintage house) per square meter of its floor space obtained by the team of researchers from a variety of different sources recorded in [5]. Some rather building energy intensity levels are then compounded by the corresponding building floor space figures to measure the total energy usage independently for space heating, cooling and heat water in various countries, temperature zones, based treatment and vintages. That floor space has a different measurement formula for industrial and residential buildings that considers typical development activities such as relocation, reconstruction, and new growth, guided by demographic trends and economic growth shifts. This model integrates three scenarios, that imply specific levels of policy commitment in the area of energy performance construction and, accordingly, varying types of buildings energy efficiency in the national housing stock:


An in depth scenario has been used mainly to study the net zero energy building capacity because it implies substantial increase in power quality required to meet the NZE purpose. The effects of the energy usage from such a scenario are further compared to the projections of the BISE method's built in solar power capacity, as mentioned following.
