**Table 4.**

**13**

**Figure 2.**

*Biometric or fingerprint system.*

*Introductory Chapter: On Fingerprint Recognition DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95630*

and disadvantages of the proposed methods.

**3. Data analysis**

in some of the papers.

fingertips used to capture the fingerprints databases, the number of images resulted from the fingers, their resolutions and formats. Finally, **Table 4** describes the implemented application type and the reason for using it by mentioning the advantages

This section analyses the fingerprint recognition data resulting from the literature [1–27] survey in Section 2. In general, fingerprint recognition processes can be done using multiple procedures. First, decompose raw human fingerprint sample to create digit presentation of the same sample. On the next step, preprocessing is done for the raw input image by filtering and improving fingerprint image to produce suitable output image for feature extraction which extracts the unique features of the fingerprint from the digital representation sample. These extracted features are saved in the fingerprint database as features. Final step is to match the input fingerprint with fingerprint template stored in the database to find the similarities. The outcome of these procedures is deciding if the person is identified or not [8]. **Figure 2** describes the sequence of biometric or fingerprint system. The fingerprint procedures involve many different approaches and algorithms that are used to enhance and improve the low quality of fingerprint images. If the fingerprint image is on good quality, then there are no issues and will appear while matching [4]. **Table 1** presents the approaches that are used by different authors. **Figure 3** presents the most used approaches. Different matching approaches are used in 15 papers which can be considered as the commonly used approaches. Then minutiae extraction techniques are used in around 10 papers. Post processing and histogram equalization are used in 2 papers. There are some other approaches used only once

When the matching process is completed. Correctness of a fingerprint identification system is calculated by applying some parameters. It is used to measure the performance of identification and verification. The performance measures used for identification depend mostly on the accuracy, testing time and image quality. **Figure 4** confirms that 38% of the work used the accuracy as the main identification measure and applied it alone or in addition to other measures. On the other

*Applications used with the advantages and disadvantages.*

fingertips used to capture the fingerprints databases, the number of images resulted from the fingers, their resolutions and formats. Finally, **Table 4** describes the implemented application type and the reason for using it by mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods.
