Contents


Preface

A biometric system is a technological system that uses information about a person or other biological organism to identify that person. The biometric industry is rapidly changing and progressing at an astonishing speed. What used to be a futuristic concept has become a reality today. In order to work correctly and effectively, biometric systems depend and rely on data about specific biological traits. In the current age and time, biometric systems are of intensive needs and are widely used in various real-life applications. There are a number of potential applications that have different requirements at different places and times. These, for example, include personal recognition, identification, verification, and others. It may be needed for safety, security, permission, banking, crime prevention, forensics, medical applications, communication, face finding, and others.

The increasing trends, needs, and applications of biometric systems make it more prominent to make developments in this direction to achieve more recent and desired objectives. This leads to the idea of capturing, storing, finding, retrieving, analyzing, and using biometrics in everyday life under the computing environment.

Being a computer-based technology, biometric systems carry out automatic processing, manipulation, and interpretation of personal information. It plays a significant and important role in various aspects of real life. It is also highly useful

This book is specifically dedicated to biometric systems, research, applications, techniques, tools, and algorithms that originate from areas such as image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition, signal processing, artificial intelligence, intelligent systems, soft computing in particular, and in the fields of computer engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science in general. This book explores the latest developments, theories, methods, approaches, algorithms, analyses, and systems for advancements in biometrics and related systems. This publication provides an effective platform for helping and guiding readers, professionals, researchers, academicians, engineers, scientists, and policy makers involved in the area of biometrics. It will disseminate information about backgrounds, methodologies, technologies, and systems in this area together with

The main objective of this book is to provide the international community with an effective platform in the area of people identity verification and authentication from physiological and behavioral aspects. It aims to publish the latest developments and insights for biometric innovations, systems, and applications. The book is also targeted to describe the latest emerging settings and requirements in biometric

Sarfraz begins the book with an introductory chapter on fingerprint biometrics. He describes that, in the current age and time, biometrics have been deployed successfully in various fields of real life. Numerous methods, techniques, and systems in biometrics serve the sciences, security, military, medical area, and human identification. There are various kinds of biometrics being used, these include fingerprint, face, speaker/voice, infrared thermogram (facial, hand or hand

in many areas, disciplines, and fields of science and technology.

an in-depth discussion of its latest advances.

systems and technologies.
