*Smart Growth and Transit Oriented Development: Financing and Execution Challenges in India DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95034*

around the centre [16]. Shopping malls, offices, recreational centres and housing were all planned in pedestrian areas with good bicycle facilities such as cycle lanes and parking and a good connection to public transport. The design includes five fingers or corridors of urban development along the suburban areas which are connected through railway lines and would directly connect the areas to Copenhagen Central Business District (CBD). The neighborhoods around the transit stations were planned to be developed in a TOD fashion with high density housing and amenities. The approach aimed at an ordered and integrated 'green' growth and was developed at the time of extensive and rapid urban development. There were spaces left for the use of farmland and recreational purposes between each finger, known as "green wedges". A ring road was planned at the end of each finger which linked the Copenhagen harbor and inner city to industrial locations. Most of the land was developed by the end of the 1960s and the two southern-most fingers were extended.

Orestadtownship is one of the best examples of successful TOD following the Finger Plan. It combines economic activities, housing and amenities – jobs, housing, retail, leisure and education – all based on TOD. It helped Copenhagen to remain competitive and release pressure on CBD.

Unlike the international cities with global best practices on TOD, Indian cities have grossly neglected transportation planning, public transport investments and transport-land use integration for long. Key issues of financing public transit and development integrated with such transit are typically ignored in public discourses. As a result, a coherent strategy for financing public transport has not emerged in India. Section 5 refers to international practices for financing of transit oriented development in the broader concept of financing public transport to guide Indian cities.
