**4. Conclusions**

The present chapter assesses the impact of infrastructure on the urbanization by smart cities in India. Smart city urbanization is measured by population, density, and growth rate of the population of the 85 smart cities in India. On the other hand, smart city-wise availability of infrastructure is measured by the considering city level total road length, number of latrines, water supply capacities, number of electricity connections, hospitals, schools, colleges, universities, banks, and credit societies.

The factor analysis is used to create an infrastructure index by considering all the infrastructure variables. The OLS regression analysis is used to measure the impact of infrastructure on urbanization. The OLS regression results suggest that the availability of infrastructure has a positive and statistically significant effect on the urbanization measured by the smart city population and densities of the smart city population. This indicates that the smart city mission promotes India's urbanization.

India's cities and towns are having a serious lack of adequate infrastructure facilities. The Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services [21] urged that urban India severely faces deficiency in the provision of urban public services such as street lights, solid waste management, roads, sewerage, and drinking water. The report estimated that Rs 39.2 lakh crores at 2009–10 prices are required over a 20-year period to achieve this growth. The outlay on urban roads accounts for Rs 17.3 lakh crore (or 44%) of this amount. In this perspective, the smart cities mission is appropriate for the promotion of urbanization in India by huge investment in infrastructure. It is very much important to indicate that India had a total of 7935 cities and towns in 2011. Therefore, smart cities initiatives only for 100 cities may not fulfill the urbanization dream for India. In the coming years, India should have more smart cities to explore the benefits of urbanization for higher economic growth.
