*3.1.2 58S bioglass*

Ceramic 58S bioactive glass is a great bioactive, biodegradable glass with the capability of bone bonding. This bioactive glass, having 33% calcium oxide, 58% silicon dioxide 9% phosphorus pentoxide, is able to receive specific attention as scaffold substance [94–96]. The reaction of 58S bioactive glass with physiological fluids occurs after implantation quickly and makes bond to the tissue of bone. This

**Figure 11.** *The typical surface structure of 45S5 bioglass coatings sprayed [90].*

happens without inflammatory, toxicity and foreign-body reaction. The fast ionic dissolution as well as the hydroxyl-carbonated apatite layer formation was seen after the rapid in-vivo surface reactions. With the release of calcium, silicon and phosphorous ions, the gene expression and the proliferation of osteoblast happens to form the bone quickly. This produced hydroxyapatite layer was as the bioactivity evidence of prepared bioglass, which both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope images can confirm.
