**1. Introduction**

Nowadays, ceramics are applied in a wide range of industrial applications such as cutting tools, nuclear reactors, automotive, biomedical, etc. Therefore, ceramics have been the subject of considerable researches because their chemical stability and good mechanical properties compared to many other materials. Physical and mechanical tests, combined with fundamentals of engineering science, were made to structure designs and restorative materials. However, although these materials are esthetically attractive and resistant to wear, they are prone to brittle fracture at stress concentrations.

Dental ceramics are mainly consisting of glass ceramics enriched with lithium disilicate, leucite, polycrystals of zirconia and alumina, etc. [1–4].

Additionally, dental ceramics, available for dental castings, were first developed in early 1960s, increasing demands for ceramic restorations materials with respect to both esthetic and mechanical properties.

In 1800s, the long process of moving ceramics from a craft to a science based technology was underway under the direction of engineers [5].

In 1830s, a new composition made from 78% feldspar, 15% kaolin, dehydtared borax, and potash silicate was developed [6]. Thus, the surface of this ceramic was glazed using a glossary glass forming materials.

In 1889s, the utilization of ceramics to build crowns was patented as the all ceramic "jacket crown" [7]. These crowns were often failed because of internal micro-cracking, but, in 1950s, they are utilized considerably until the invention of porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns.

In the early of 1980s, the first major breakthrough in full ceramic restoration with the application of computer-aided technologies [8].

Therefore, several works have been made in the field of dentistry by using of computer-aided digitizing (CAD), computer-aided design (CAD), and computeraided manufacturing (CAM) [9, 10].

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the recent progress of new materials and processing methods for dentistry.
