**2.1 The PROTOS framework**

The circuitry was designed for the synchronization control of two dc motors using commercially available devices and components. There are two main parts in the system, which are hardware and software development. The schematic design for the system and components testing in standalone state are include in hardware development. While the software skill developed including drive circuit connection establishment and improvements to algorithm. Some assumptions are made in the prototype system and recommendations or future improvements are suggested [25]. In order to utilize facilities and advantages of both microcontrollers along with their standard features and programming resources and CPLD along with their flexibility to implement additional hardware arrangements for interfacing or progress of computational performance, we need to set a number of this design system purposes the PROTOS system should fulfill.

An experimental dc motor synchronization control system based on microcontroller has been developed and its design implemented for control automation of two dc motors as shown in **Figure 1**. This controller can command two drives one byte external port; these outputs take values depending of the inputs states. One port states are displaying on a 16 characters, 4/2 lines material liquid crystal display (LCD) display. The ATmega8535 has a 13-bit program counter capable of addressing an 8 k × 14 program memory space [26]. In this experiment an attempt has been made to fabricate and study a circuit that is able to control and monitor the synchronization control of two dc motors. The basic proposal was to design a synchronizer to ensure its performance equivalent to dedicated industrial synchronizers designed by marketable big companies. The synchronizer based on ATmega8535 microcontroller hardware was divided into six major modules; power supply module, dc motor speed and direction control module, encoder interface module for two dc

**Figure 1.** *Prototype snap for synchronization control system for two dc motors.*

motors, central processing unit (CPU) and control module, speed synchronization graphic interface module and LCD display module. In order to develop the project the following methodology has followed: the theory of microcontroller, logic control devices, encoder, dc motor, circuit diagrams, operation and its function has been studied in detail [7–15, 26–29]. The first step was to draw a schematic diagram of the hardware in a software package called Protel, according to circuit diagrams [5, 6]. The encoder circuit design has been made on computer and its film developed in printing press and finally its hard fitting with sensor has been made accordingly. A fitting of dc motor shaft coupled with encoder has been made for sensing motor position, direction and whole system fitted on separate wooden board. After completing the circuit of encoder interface unit, the program has been written in VHDL programming language of CPLDs family. The written program has been debugger using active VHDL simulator and downloaded according to the application with the help of programmer such as control sensing and monitor motion or position of motors [29, 30].

After completing the circuit of CPU and control unit, the program has been written in C-51 programming language of MCS-51 microcontroller family. The written program has been debugger using simulator AVS-51 and downloaded according to the application with the help of downloader ATmega8535 such as synchronization of two dc motors. Check the performance and error of microcontroller, and CPLD ICs has debugger the written program and circuits through respective simulators and check timing signals on different pins and finally monitor programs of both ICs.
