**3. Description of the SI method for working with dynamic OCP**

The SI method is universal enough to describe various tasks and implement modern concepts of technology development [6–13]. It consists of a description of the sequence of patterns as steps to solve the problem. The steps are due to the dynamic development of processes, control algorithms and moments of issuing control commands. Patterns are generalised equivalent structure (GES) schemes. They allow us to uniformly describe known and new devices within the framework of network development concepts (**Figure 4**). The GES scheme consists of automata A—morphological MorphA, syntactic (SyntA) and semantic (SemA). The SyntA machine controls the correct sequence of primary terminal symbols (TS) in the TS chains in the input information. SyntA states are nonterminal symbols (NTS) that appear when TS chains are known to SyntA recognition engines. The basis of GES circuits is the sensing S-detector introduced. It detects the semantic signal *S(t)*, which is formed sequentially in the GES schemes of the object, recognition and control algorithms and is used at all hierarchical levels of information processing.

The quality of processing dynamic information flows in RPA systems in energy networks is controlled by the semantic signal *S(t)* (**Figure 4**). Such a signal is formed at each hierarchical level of processing the total amount of information in the system—morphological, syntactic and semantic. The amount of information about the state of the OCP is allocated and controlled by RPA devices based on demodulation of the information components in transient signals (**Figure 5**).

The relationship of TS and NTS in the GES scheme is described by the rules *P*. Rules *P* are divided into groups of selectivity *PS* and blocking *PB*. Rules *P* are assigned weights *KSN* and *KBM*, according to the contribution to the overall semantic output

*Automatic Control of the Structure of Dynamic Objects in High-Voltage Power Smart-Grid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91664*

**Figure 4.** *Diagram of the GESASNOM of system stabilisation ASNOM based on* SSMART(t)*.*

#### **Figure 5.**

*Formation of a signal with an* S(t) *signal—maximum amount of information.*

*SSMART(t)*. So, the information part of the S-filter is highlighted. The SemA output generates a semantic signal *SSMART(t) = For(t)–Against(t)* (1). The *SSMART(t)* signal reflects changes in semantic information in the OCP and in the system of automatic stabilisation of the normal operating mode (ASNOM) of the network (**Figure 4**).

$$\mathcal{S}\_{\text{SMART}}(\mathbf{t}) = \text{FIX}[\boldsymbol{\beta} \times K\_{\text{S}} \text{SB} \times \{\mathcal{S}\_{\text{S}} \text{S}(\mathbf{t}) - \mathcal{S}\_{\text{S}} \text{B}(\mathbf{t})\}] = \text{FIX}[\boldsymbol{\beta} \times K\_{\text{S}} \text{SB} \times \boldsymbol{f}(\Sigma \text{KSN}(\mathbf{t}) - \Sigma \text{KBM}(\mathbf{t}))],\tag{1}$$

where *N* = 1, 2, ...; *M* = 1, 2, ...; Σ is the sum of all weight coefficients *KSN* or *KBM*, which establish the significance of the rules *PS* and *PB* of the SyntA automaton and the weight coefficient *KSSB* of the resulting root rule *PSSB* of the SemA automaton; and β is the general scaling factor. The FIX function describes the operation of the fixation unit, in which, during the development of transients, the activated rules *PS* and *PB* are stored for a while to accumulate the *SSMART(t)* value. This signal can vary between '0%' and '100%' (**Figure 6**). The FIX function is similar to the operation of the emergency recorder and acts when the 'activating' TS appears, which is set in the settings of the RPA device. Such a TS is commonly known for OCP.

The GES scheme is mathematically described by a list—grammar *G* as shown in Eq. (2).

$$G\_O \rightarrow \{\text{TSSN}, \text{TSSM}, \text{NTSSN}, \text{NTSSBM}, \text{PSN}, \text{PBM}, P\_S \text{S}, P\_S B, P\_S \text{SB}\}, \quad \text{(2)}$$

where *O* are objects, for example, OCP, GES, TS, RPA, ASNOM, SCADA, *PS* and *PB*—the rules for connecting TS and secondary NTS—and *PSSB* is the resulting root rule of the GES scheme. The executive bodies EU of the ASNOM system (**Figure 4**) are the outputs of the RPA algorithms, combined by the block of the ExS expert system. The final semantic conclusions are formed in ExS, and decisions are made on the automatic removal of deviations from ρ1 'NM' of the normal mode (NM) of OCP operation.

The OCP is presented on a single information field of elementary information components of TS. From these TS, an *SN* formation tree, a TS terminal symbol tree describing the *SN* structure and signal control *SOCP(t)*are built.

The SI method allows you to describe *SN* semantic situations by passing them through the GESOCP information block diagram. This is controlled by the sense signal *S(t).* Its area (otherwise, power in the interval of control duration) can be considered the meaning of events in the OCP circuit (**Figure 5**). By the amount of information that is formed in the structural diagram TS, we mean the area *S(t).* The authors of [6–16] studied the construction of a tree that recognises systems in RPA devices based on the generation and control of the *SRPA(t)* signal. The *SRPA(t)*signal in recognition algorithms controls the course of processes in the OCP in meaning. General control of all OCP loops is performed similarly within the framework of the ASNOM and SCADA systems with the corresponding GASNOM, GSCADA grammars and SASNOM and SSCADA signals (**Figure 4**).

Thus, the structure of the OCP can be described by a set of GESRPA schemes, i.e. the sum of Σ components and their GO grammars, namely,

$$\begin{array}{c} \mathbf{G\_{OCP}} \approx \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \mathbf{G\_{GEN}} = \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \mathbf{G\_{TS}} = \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \mathbf{G\_{RPA}} = \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \mathbf{G\_{ASNOM}} \\ \mathbf{= G\_{SCADA}} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \text{—the sum of the components.} \end{array} \tag{3}$$

The OCP objects are managed within the ASNOM system (**Figure 4**). Stabilisation is achieved by the criterion of the minimum deviation of the power of the semantic signal *S(t)* from the setpoint of the 'normal mode' system. The class of objects is controlled by issuing commands to the RPA device. The formation of commands is controlled on the time axis of the emergency file as a reaction of the recognition algorithm to the input signals from the OCP.

**Figure 6** shows the GESCOMAND diagram as a command generation template in the ASNOM system. Teams manage not only the settings but primarily the structure of the OCP. Therefore, the ASNOM system differs from adaptive systems, which are characterised by a change in the parameters or structure of the controller depending on changes in the parameters of the object or external disturbances.

The operation of technological and other processes in the network is considered further along the OCP–SCADA chain, where GSCADA = ΣGASNOM (**Figure 4**).
