**1. Introduction**

Generalised and developed solutions to the problems of synthesis and ensuring the stability of the operation of automatic control and protection algorithms for a class of objects with a tunable internal structure. At the present stage of development, it is necessary to operate with information flows at a higher level of abstraction than traditional methods of building networks. The concept of information flow refers to a set of demodulated signal parameters from transient signals (transients) in an object. Connected network elements are considered as dynamic facilities (objects) of the control and protection (OCP). Within the framework of the smart grid concept, all the necessary algorithms for relay protection and automation (RPA) devices are in the foreground, and the equipment that controls the operation of the OCP (**Figure 1**) is at the second level. It implies the possibility of describing the properties of OCP

electrical circuits through control algorithms [1–9]. Such a structural-informational (SI) method is developed by the author further [8–15]. The methods of applying the available results of the SI method to describe the internal structure of high-voltage equipment of the OCR network are shown.

In the traditional construction of networks, a great deal of experience has been gained in describing and calculating OCP [6–7]. Usually it is enough to indicate the established terminology and mathematical description of the OCP in the technical literature [15–18]. A method is necessary for describing the transient process in the OCP from the place of formation to the resulting text messages at a more abstract level, without loss of information and with the possibility of engaging the achievements of the traditional description. This allows a compact description of the problem and a focus on control algorithms [9–11].

The task was posed in a series of published works [7–11], based on the results achieved by improving recognition algorithms in devices for protection against single-phase earth faults in networks with a Petersen's coil. Studies show [8–13] that, for example, to maintain the stability of the operation of RPA device algorithms in distribution networks with a voltage of 6–35 kV, the amount of input information is insufficient [6, 8, 13, 16]. Faults are often and continuously present in externally operable high-voltage distribution networks, and information about the occurrence of such a situation cannot be distinguished during visual observation by the means currently available at substations [11, 13, 15]. Identification of the causes of situations is difficult and is associated with the lack of reliable information about the actual state of the network sections among consumers, configuration, state of high-voltage equipment, deviations in the technological processes of network load operation, etc. [15–18].

Replenishment of the lack of information is drawn from the capabilities of intelligent search algorithms for pattern recognition, which are able to extract semantic states from transient signals occurring in networks [5, 8–16].

Further, when developing the SI method, the patterns of structural diagrams, which are stages in solving the problems of synthesis of automatic control and protection algorithms, are summarised in a general sequence [5, 8–16], namely, from information structures describing transients in a network, through a formal presentation of information in high-voltage network equipment, then dynamically changing network operating modes, to the synthesis of the necessary algorithms for structural processing of information in automatic devices.

The tasks of numerical assessment of the sufficiency of the signal information volume for automatic decision-making on shutting down a damaged part

**Figure 1.** *Unified circuit of smart grid* Driver–EU–OCP*.*

*Automatic Control of the Structure of Dynamic Objects in High-Voltage Power Smart-Grid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91664*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Diagram of a smart grid that is unique to a local measure and a signal* S(t). *T—RPA terminal.*

of an object are analysed (**Figure 2**). Algorithms for controlling the amount of information are implemented in the VCR, with built-in general purpose software information sensors and an arbitration function of RPA algorithms. The device is located in each OCP cell [7–9, 15–16]. A method is proposed for obtaining the necessary additional information based on the sequence of steps of the SI method, namely, structured separation of information, control of the passage of elementary information components according to the structural diagrams of the control and OCP protection object, then through relay protection and automation devices RPA, and to the output of the SCADA control system [5, 11].
