**1. Introduction**

Nowadays, the advancements in industrial automation research technology and the desires on performance and feature in manufacture processes have become in complex and integrated innovation systems. Speed synchronizers have various applications in many control industrial processes (textile, chemical, marine, etc.) and have shown a vital role in control system design and optimization. The speed synchronizer is cost-effective and highly efficient device and it works as a bridge between two (or multiple) independent drives for many control applications with a suitable value of ratio control. The synchronization units are appropriate for different type of drives (DC, AC, Servo, etc.) that are adjustable in speed and direction under influence of speed reference signal of the 0–5 volts [1]. The significant results of using synchronizer is to reduce the working and fabricating cost in designing new control devices in terms of reducing the time and minimizing the ambiguity in going process modernization at the small level to manufacturing scale. Recent advances in microelectronics and algorithm design including information

technology have brought significant changes in speed and motion control technology. As a result, the predictive advancement, broadly useful, practical approach for the speed and motion control is an enduring target of greatly of the industrial automation technologist both in science and engineering developments [2].

The earlier variable speed drive was mechanical type and was used a variable pitch diameter pulley. This drive is still in operation but for clear reasons are not in common uses in practical and industrial applications nowadays. Recently, the three significant kinds of electronically variable speed drives are used in present industrial machines. Firstly, the brush style dc motor is almost the totally used adjustable speed drive on blow molding machineries. Alternative current (AC) adjustable frequency and AC motor drives for blow molding technologies are used and replaced which is second kind of variable speed drives. Thirdly, the brush dc drive has been replaced with Brushless dc drive [3]. The direction, speed and power of an AC or dc motor can be controlled with the help of electronic device called as variable speed drive. Variable frequency AC drives provide processing requirements and several familiar industrial appliances for example pumps, fans and conveyors in a variety of working situations. The dc drives have various development applications and they can used to command material handling and processing machine such as metals, mining, printing, and other industries. In industrial automation increases gradually and many applications need directional and positional control simultaneously [3, 4].

Over the past two decades, numerous measurements of speed and direction control synchronization have been studied [5–11]. The revolving mechanical arrangements form a significant and singular class of systems that, with or without the interaction through some coupling, demonstrate synchronized motion (or speed motors), for instance the case of rotating machinery in manufacture plants, power generators, wrapping of cloth in many textile industrial applications and unbalanced rotors in milling machines [12]. The synchronization of revolving systems and electromechanical arrangements was reported by Blekhman et al. [13]. Subsequently, the teleoperated master-slave systems were developed by Dubey et al. [14], and by Lee and Chung [15]. Shortly after, the Brunt [16] and Liu et al. [17] were designed multifinger robot-hands, multirobot systems and multi-actuated platforms. Only a few years later, Huijberts et al. calculated synchronization of rotating bodies and electromechanical systems [18]. For the medical applications, the master-slave teleoperated systems were used in surgical procedure giving rise to more accurate and less enveloping surgical treatment measures [19, 20]. In case of aerospace applications, the synchronization approaches were employed to reduce the error of the relevant manner in developments of satellites [21, 22]. The case of group formation of multiple robotic vehicles is addressed in [23]. Mirza and Hussain published their work of speed asynchronization mode of dc motors in the regime of nonlinear process through selective position of feedback and integral control for textile industry [1]. Since then, speed synchronizers have provided a key automation tool in process industries, medicine, material science, plasma process engineering, and aerospace science and multiphase and thermal transport processes [9–11].

In this study, a speed synchronizer based on microcontroller for controlling and monitoring the speed of two dc motors, which is our particular motivation. Embedded system is a system that has a microcomputer or microcontroller inside which can reads the input, process them and gives the feedback according to the preprogram condition. Embedded systems are designed to do some specific tasks and have minimal requirements for memory and program length [24]. The application of microcontrollers with designed algorithm, dc drives, and complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) in factory automation motivates the development of

#### *DC Motor Synchronization Speed Controller Based on Microcontroller DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93080*

computer integrated manufacturing systems. In textile industry many processes require speed synchronization of more than one motors involved in the process. Rolling of cloth should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and similarly motors-speed synchronization is vital in a conveyor-belt driven by multiple motors. The digitally controlled dc machines (or motors) can have much aggravated phenomena owing to poor sampling period selection [1, 7]. The role of synchronization control not only involves in practical and industrial applications, however, there are many physical phenomena that may be explored through synchronization control theory [12].

The objective of presented article is to design and implement of an advanced digital speed control synchronizer using ATMEL-based microcontroller and dc drives. A digital speed (or motion) control algorithm has been developed for the synchronization control of two motors, which can easily be extended to control of multiple motors. The designed speed and motion control system is based on a digital torque drive for dc motors with encoder interface. This article presents the algorithm for design implementation of a speed and motion control and to examine the understanding of synchronization efficiency for industrial application. Additionally, this design and numerical approach is different from those used in the earlier studies. The calculations are performed for a wide domain of synchronization control parameters for the drives. In order to characterize the performance of the project, the different parameters of synchronization control have been studied and analyzed, so that the systems working may be enhanced.
