Contents


Preface

Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, because of its simplicity in structure and its robustness with the uncertainties and disturbances, is such a popular control technology even today and has been widely used in many industrial processes. Furthermore, from a philosophical viewpoint, PID control is the embodiment of such a control idea that the control input can be determined based on the combination of the information at the present (P), the past (I), and the future (D), which is exactly the representation of the human being's wisdom, idea,

Due to the popularity of PID control, a ton of content addressing this topic has already been made available by various publishers. At the same time, countless optimization opportunities have emerged with the development of science and technology, such as big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc. There are also plenty of new fields that can leverage the power of control technologies. Some of the great examples include biological engineering, medical technologies, and financial technologies. The list is even extended to applications for social management and/or

Therefore, PID control will continue to embrace new opportunities and face new challenges at the same time. This book highlights some of the new aspects of this subject and its related applications. Generally speaking, the better the cognition, the easier the realization of control. Yet, the relationship between cognition and control of complex systems can go both ways. We also know that the proper control method may be helpful for the improvement of the cognition of systems. That is to say, there is a mutual promotion between control and identification of complex systems that happens to reflect the law of the spiral rise in independent cognitive processes.

The main topics of this book include the improvement of PID controller, intelligent PID controller, optimization of PID controller, new forms of PID controller, development of PID controller, new application fields, etc. On the other hand, this book will also reveal that the proper control with a PID framework can also improve

We intend to not only summarize the advance of science and technology on PID control but also extend the connotation and its extensions. We would like to bring

Based on the previous considerations, we present the book with the following

In Chapter 1, for some complex systems, the novelty method of the variable, fractional order PID controller is proposed. The main idea is to apply the split orders to discrete differentiation and summation functions, such that in the final time interval, the variable, fractional order PID controller must transform itself to the classical one that preserves the well-known stability conditions and zero

the cognition or identification for complex systems.

more inspiration and benefits to the new fellows.

and method to problem-solving.

regulations, etc.

chapters.

steady-state error signal.
