Nucleic Acids for Electrochemical Biosensor Technology

*Zihni Onur Uygun, Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun and Ferhan Girgin Sağin*

## **Abstract**

Biosensor technology has developed extremely rapidly in recent years. This technology brings along precise measurements as well as specific measurements. Thanks to its ability to be miniaturized and be easily accessible to the end user, it is one-step ahead of other similar methods. The selectivity of biological molecules and the sensitivity of electrochemical methods enable the continuous evolvement of these new technologies. In this chapter, the use of nucleic acids as both recognition agents and target molecules, the way they are used in biosensor technology and their electrical properties are explained in detail with examples. Aptamers, which are synthetic nucleic acids, and their use in electrochemical biosensor systems with different electrochemical and immobilization methods have been compared extensively.

**Keywords:** biosensor, DNA, RNA, aptamer, electrochemistry, sensor, nanomaterials, impedance, differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, DNA tetrahedron, mediator
