Preface

The main objective of this book is to present novel Radio Frequency (RF) antennas for 5G, IoT, and medical applications. The book is divided into four sections that present the main topics of novel Radio Frequency antennas.

Section 1: Introduction

**Chapter 8 173**

**Chapter 9 189**

Advanced Antenna Arrays **201**

**Chapter 10 203**

**Chapter 11 223**

**Chapter 12 245**

A Review to Massive MIMO Detection Algorithms: Theory and

Reconfigurable Fabry-Pérot Cavity Antenna Basing on Phase

*by Peng Xie, Guangming Wang, Haipeng Li, Yawei Wang*

A Novel Class of Super-Elliptical Vivaldi Antennas for

*by Abraham Loutridis, Simay Kazıcı, Oleg V. Stukach,*

Additive Manufacturing for Antenna Applications

*by Bastien Trotobas, Amor Nafkha and Yves Louët*

Time Modulated Linear Array (TMLA) Design *by Oussama Gassab, Arab Azrar and Sara Bouguerra*

Ultra-Wideband Applications

**Section 4**

Implementation

*and Xiangjun Gao*

**II**

Controllable Metasurfaces

*Arman B. Mirmanov and Diego Caratelli*

*by Gregory Mitchell and David Turowski*

Section 2: Novel Antennas for 5G, IoT, and Medical Applications

Section 3: Novel RF Antennas Technologies

Section 4: Advanced Antenna Arrays

The rapid growth in development of cellular wireless communication systems over the last twenty years has resulted in most of world population owning smartphones, smart watches, I-pads, and other RF communication devices. Efficient compact wideband antennas are crucial in RF communication devices.

Section two describes innovations in the development of antennas for 5G, IoT, and medical applications. Several types of antennas are presented in this section, such as planar antennas, phased array antennas, UWB coplanar fed antennas, and beamforming phased array.

Section three presents novel RF antennas for space applications, Vivaldi elliptical antennas and additive manufacturing for antennas applications.

Section four presents advanced arrays antennas. MIMO antennas, reconfigurable Pabry-Perot cavity antenna and time modulated linear array are included in Section three.

Each chapter in this book covers significant information to enable RF engineers, biomedical engineers, system engineers, students, and scientist from all areas to follow and understand the topics presented in the book.

### **I want to thank all the chapter authors for their excellent job in writing.**

**Dr. Albert Sabban** Kinneret Academic College, Israel

Section 1

Introduction

**1**

Section 1 Introduction

**Chapter 1**

*Albert Sabban*

**1. Introduction**

Introductory Chapter: Novel Radio

Antennas are part of radio and television broadcasting, point-to-point radio communication systems, wireless LAN, cell phones, radar, medical systems, and spacecraft communication. Low-profile compact antennas are crucial in the development of wireless communication and wearable biomedical systems. Compact, low-profile, and light-weight printed antennas are the best solution for communication, IoT, and medical systems. Printed antennas' low production costs are crucial in development of low-cost communication systems. Moreover, the advantage of an integrated compact low-cost feed network is attained by

integrating the antenna feed network with the antennas on the same printed board. Wireless communication and medical industry are in continuous growth in the last few years. Printed antennas are used in communication systems that employ MIC,

Antennas are major components in communication systems [1–19]. Mobile antenna systems are presented in [11]. Transmitting antennas efficiently radiate electromagnetic fields and match RF systems to space. Antennas may transmit or receive electromagnetic fields. Transmitting antennas convert electric current to electromagnetic fields. Receiving antennas convert electromagnetic fields to electric current. In transmitting antennas, an alternating current is created in the elements by applying a voltage at the antenna feed network, causing the antenna to radiate an electromagnetic energy. In receiving mode, an electromagnetic field from an outer source induces an alternating current in the receiving antenna and generates a voltage at the antenna's feed network. Antennas are used in outdoor and indoor communication systems. Antennas can be used in under water communication systems. Antennas may be implanted inside human body and operate as wearable sensors. Receiving antennas such as parabolic and horn antennas incorporate shaped reflective surfaces to receive the electromagnetic fields and focus the fields

The book consists of four sections presenting several types of novel antennas.

The design and electrical performance of several novel antennas are presented in

Section 2: Novel Antennas for 5G, IoT, and Medical Applications

Frequency Antennas

MEMS, LTCC, and MMIC technologies.

**2. Introduction to RF antennas**

to the conductive receiving elements.

Section 3: Novel RF Antennas Technologies Section 4: Advanced Antenna Arrays

Section 1: Introduction

this book.

**3**

## **Chapter 1**
