Introductory Chapter: Novel Radio Frequency Antennas

*Albert Sabban*

#### **1. Introduction**

Antennas are part of radio and television broadcasting, point-to-point radio communication systems, wireless LAN, cell phones, radar, medical systems, and spacecraft communication. Low-profile compact antennas are crucial in the development of wireless communication and wearable biomedical systems. Compact, low-profile, and light-weight printed antennas are the best solution for communication, IoT, and medical systems. Printed antennas' low production costs are crucial in development of low-cost communication systems. Moreover, the advantage of an integrated compact low-cost feed network is attained by integrating the antenna feed network with the antennas on the same printed board. Wireless communication and medical industry are in continuous growth in the last few years. Printed antennas are used in communication systems that employ MIC, MEMS, LTCC, and MMIC technologies.

#### **2. Introduction to RF antennas**

Antennas are major components in communication systems [1–19]. Mobile antenna systems are presented in [11]. Transmitting antennas efficiently radiate electromagnetic fields and match RF systems to space. Antennas may transmit or receive electromagnetic fields. Transmitting antennas convert electric current to electromagnetic fields. Receiving antennas convert electromagnetic fields to electric current. In transmitting antennas, an alternating current is created in the elements by applying a voltage at the antenna feed network, causing the antenna to radiate an electromagnetic energy. In receiving mode, an electromagnetic field from an outer source induces an alternating current in the receiving antenna and generates a voltage at the antenna's feed network. Antennas are used in outdoor and indoor communication systems. Antennas can be used in under water communication systems. Antennas may be implanted inside human body and operate as wearable sensors. Receiving antennas such as parabolic and horn antennas incorporate shaped reflective surfaces to receive the electromagnetic fields and focus the fields to the conductive receiving elements.

The book consists of four sections presenting several types of novel antennas. Section 1: Introduction

Section 2: Novel Antennas for 5G, IoT, and Medical Applications

Section 3: Novel RF Antennas Technologies

Section 4: Advanced Antenna Arrays

The design and electrical performance of several novel antennas are presented in this book.
