Preface

Perovskite materials are a one of a kind compound with structures associated with that of an inorganic rock deposit. The origin of perovskite material is CaTiO3, and this is resultant from a paternal phase with the universal formula ABO3. Perovskite materials have been fully investigated since the middle of the 12th century due to their distinctive properties such as primarily dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric. This wide range of performance parameters has been adapted into various fields such as electronic conductivity, multiferroic properties, superconductivity, magnetic ordering, thermoelectric, optoelectrical, solar cells, photocatalysis, and piezo-photocatalysis properties. Independently, from these mainly physical characteristics, the phases exhibit an extensive array of chemical features. Perovskite materials are used as photocatalytic and electrode materials for degradation of industrial wastewater and solid oxide fuel cells where perovskite material with elevated oxide ion electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and thermal conductivity are required. Several perovskite phases exhibit suitable photocatalytic and photo-redox properties, frequently dependent upon the occurrence of chemical imperfections in the solid phase. This difficulty is an outcome of two key factors. Firstly, the crystal assemblies included in the term 'perovskite' include a wide range, from the basic cubic 'aristo-type' BaTiO3 to cation and anion short phases, integrated phases with the cuprates superconductor, and hexagonal perovskite materials associated with SrNiO3. Moreover, both the physical and chemical properties of any associate of these structural formulae can be modified over a broad series by comparatively basic ion-exchange into all or part of the A‐, and B‐ positions. This extensive range of variability consists of the development of perovskite materials in which the A-cation is substituted by a simple organic compound, characterized by the perovskite material such as methylammonium lead iodide, now deeply investigated as the fundamental of 'perovskite' solar cells. Furthermore, the applications of superlattice thin films and nanomaterial exhibit novel and fully serendipitous results when related to the actions of the distinct bulk phases. The objective of this book is to deliver a compressed summary of this huge body of information. A framework of the systems of these phases is of key significance as a requirement of various chemical-physical properties. To present a complete outlook, crystal systems are typically signified as perfect forms. The book is systematized into nine chapters with four categories. In category one, we present a short overview of many fascinating results in photocatalytic perovskite materials and the outcomes of the research on lead-free perovskite nanocomposites (Chapter 1, 2 & 3). Organic-inorganic perovskites and related aspects in perovskite solar cells and structural phase transitions of hybrid perovskites are described in category two (Chapter 4 & 5). In category three, the thermal and physical properties of perovskite materials with various phases are briefly mentioned (Chapter 6, 7, & 8). Finally, category four describes the

**II**

**Chapter 7 139**

**Chapter 8 157**

Piezoelectric Effect of Perovskites **173**

**Chapter 9 175** Effect of Piezoelectric Filed on the Optical Properties of (311) A and (311) B

**Chapter 10 193**

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Piezoelectric Laminated Composite Beams

Synthesis and Investigation of the Physical Properties of Lead-Free BCZT

*by Dang Anh Tuan, Vo Thanh Tung, Le Tran Uyen Tu and Truong Van Chuong*

Optimal Temperature Sensor Based on a Sensitive Material *by Asma Bakkali, José Pelegri-Sebastia, Youssef Laghmich* 

Ceramics

**Section 4**

and Plates

*and Abdelouahid Lyhyaoui*

Oriented InAlAs/InP Heterostructures

*by Badreddine Smiri, Faouzi Saidi and Hassen Maaref*

*by Chung Nguyen Thai, Thinh Tran Ich and Thuy Le Xuan*

significance of the piezoelectric effect of perovskite materials (Chapter 9 & 10). I am thankful to the Department of Chemistry, Osmania University for providing literature facilities for this book work.

> **Someshwar Pola** Osmania University, India

**Neeraj Panwar** Central University of Rajasthan, India
