Perovskite Solar Cells

**71**

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

solar cells

**1. Introduction**

Material

eventually be commercialized.

Organic Inorganic Perovskites: A

Low-Cost-Efficient Photovoltaic

Organic-inorganic perovskite materials, due to the simultaneous possession of various properties like optical, electronic and magnetic beside with their structural tunability and good processability, has concerned the attention of researchers from the field of science and technology since long back. Recently, the emergence of efficient solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskite absorbers promises to alter the fields of thin film, dye-sensitized and organic solar cells. Solution processed photovoltaics based on organic-inorganic perovskite absorbers CH3NH3PbI3 have attained efficiencies of over 25%. The increase in popularity and considerable enhancement in the efficiency of perovskites since their discovery in 2009 is determined by over 6000 publications in 2018. However, although there are broad development prospects for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the use of CH3NH3PbI3 results in lead toxicity and instability which limit their application. Therefore, the development of environmental-friendly, stable and efficient perovskite materials for future photovoltaic applications has long-term practical significance, which can

**Keywords:** organic-inorganic, Perovskite, photovoltaic material, optical properties,

Organic-inorganic perovskites materials have emerged as a promising material for high-efficiency nanostructured devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), detectors, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic devices etc. [1, 2]. Organicinorganic perovskites have attracted extensive attention due to their promising optical and electronic properties, excellent crystallinity, adjustable bandgap, long charge diffusion length, electroluminescence, and conductivity [3, 4]. As the most fascinating new-generation photovoltaic materials, organic–inorganic perovskite due to their facile synthesis, low temperature deposition, and capability to make flexible devices has been considered as a vigorous component of the efficient, low-cost, lightweight and flexible Perovskite solar cells [3, 4]. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly become the leading edge of third generation 3G photovoltaic technologies [5, 6]. PSCs based on the organic inorganic perovskite materials have fascinated great consideration, with their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 25.2% certified [7, 8]. Over the past several months, it has been observed

*Madeeha Aslam, Tahira Mahmood and Abdul Naeem*
