**Acknowledgements**

The authors would like to gratefully thank Mr. Philix Mnisi, the Environmental Specialist at the Transnet Freight Rail, Ms. Fhumulani Ramukhwatho and Mr. Tumisang Polasi, Researchers at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), for their invaluable support through reviews and inputs, including data collection. Many thanks to the unabated support from the Ph.D. candidate at the Kent Law School, University of Kent, Ms. Allison Lindner, who contributed a great deal to review and make literature inputs to the study.
