**5. Conclusions**

*Models and Technologies for Smart, Sustainable and Safe Transportation Systems*

through use.

*4.3.2 Ergonomic design features*

a lot less complex.

appear to be used.

tech-savvy or not.

engage with it, when and why.

remain problematic and should be addressed:

• Invest in innovative and creative forms of human machine interactions in terms of 'learning' functions and accessibility of current 'help' functions for older travellers and ascertain the best methods to improve confidence

• Produce a guide for the physical design attributes of display and control features, especially applicable to those in close geographical areas where all relevant information, such as on-board, interchanges, stops and stations, can

Many people will get slower, their working memory will decline, they will have more problems with divided attention but they may still want to do many or all the things they used to, and technology can be a major part of that. A lot of good ergonomic knowledge exists but does not often seem to permeate into good or appropriate design, and so there is a list of ergonomic and design features that

• Technology must present in a way that focuses on memory support, allowing for actions made to be reversed and contain sufficient appropriate prompts.

• Algorithms and systems within new technology must be developed that allows users to find the relevant information and not be distracted by irrelevant or unneeded instructions or information. Either that or the technology should be

• The technology should contain the option to look at previous successful

• Over-functionality swamping the usual usage. It may intimidate users with low skill levels. There is a variety of good pictorial style algorithms that do not

• Integrated technology has mixed potential: to be a wonderful game-changer but also complex, difficult to understand and threatening control or independence. We need to understand how older people may choose to disengage and

Addressing many of the points identified will take time as they require significant additional work, changes in behaviour or amendments to legislation. However there are a number of issues where solutions and improvements seem to be readily

• More larger and ergonomic displays with touchscreen technology for journeys

• Make it easy and simple to interact with technology in every day behaviour and in public areas or with public services, so that it does not deter people whether

available or just require minor changes to current material and legislation:

and destinations, e.g. transport interchanges and stations.

behaviours to aid those with memory problems.

*4.3.3 Some solutions are here now, if we choose to introduce them*

be shared; this relates also to 'learning apps' mentioned above.

**68**

We know that as we get older, several cognitive and other psychological aspects decline and a few others improve. In addition there are sometimes other deteriorations of which we may be unaware such as decline due to illness. In addition, there will be more and more both able bodied and incapacitated people for the next two decades, at least in most countries.

These things all put increasing requirements onto transport of all kinds. In addition, psychologically, people like their own space in transport, so the future must allow for both public and private means of transport and must be increasingly accessible if older travellers are to engage.

The future will not be the same as at present, nor will it necessarily be a modified version of the present. For certain, we will see electric vehicles of all types, and may also see as many or even more vehicles than at present. The problem of vehicle emissions will largely go away, and within two decades in most developed countries. There will be AVs in increasing numbers that essentially must be adaptive to humans in control of other vehicles. Public transport will use Big Data and IoT such that individual travellers can link their own information and convenience needs to the transport availability and will use simple and easy apps on iPad-type devices and eventually wearable devices. For older people, there has to be a full development of MaaS so that personalisable public transport is available for those choosing not to own a programmable AV of their own, or for those no longer able to drive but who seek independence.
