**6.12 Automatic parking**

The automatic parking is a function that helps the driver entering into a parking slot in a parallel maneuver by automatically acting on the steering wheel and engine control. The sensors measure [12] the object with following accuracy:


The vehicle is fitted with a GNSS-aided inertial navigation system (GNSS/INS). In most cases (because of the low speeds involved), a dual-antenna model is fitted to maintain the best headway accuracy at all times. The properties of various sensors [12] are presented in **Table 8**.


**233**

free zone.

*Driver Assistance Technologies*

such as seat belt pretensions.

someone does not wear seat belt.

**6.14 Obstacle & collision warning**

• Update rate at least 100 Hz

• Lateral path error

• Position to 0.03 m

• Yaw velocity to 0.1°/s

**6.15 Intersection safety**

• Acceleration to 0.1 m/s2

• Polygon perimeter shapes

of these systems have to be clearly pointed out.

• Time is required as a synchronization DGPS

• VUT (Vehicle under test) Speed to 0.1 km/h

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94354*

**6.13 Pre-crash collision and mitigation system**

Pre Crash Safety Systems identify an imminent crash and deploy safety devices

The driver will be warned if a potential collision is detected with e.g. another car or obstacle. This warning can be, for example acoustic, visual. The functional limits

In city environments, collision between vehicles and pedestrians or cyclists often

result in serious injuries as there is a little time for either party to react. Protocol

In an intersection situation especially in cities, a driver has to fulfill several tasks in parallel. In order to assist the driver in such situations, it is necessary to support certain tasks like approaching a stop sign/traffic light or right of way of crossing traffic. The complexity of the possible intersection scenarios leads to the high risk probabilities of causing accidents. As any intersections are designed to address a number of turning movements of automobile traffic coupled with the non-motorized and pedestrian traffic, the detection and recognition are not as simple as on a straight section of a road. Due to these complexities, the safety of the road intersection would have to be taken into all possible scenarios to make hazard

accuracy requirements [12] for this kind of collision are the following.

Pre Crash Safety Systems identify an imminent crash and deploy safety devices such as seat belt pretensions. In order to reduce the damages of an accident, this system has been designed that is capable of applying brake automatically after identification of imminent occurrence of collision. As discussed earlier, various sensors such as Lidar, Camera etc. play an important role in identifying the hindrance for an imminent collision. This feature is primarily designed to address the problem of safety, which integrates the sensitivity of seatbelt. If one happens to wear the seat belt during the occurrence of road accident, the chances of being injured is quite less. Most of the seat belts now available in the car are very sensitive, as the vehicle will not move if car users or
