*Optimal Management of Electrified and Cooperative Bus Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93892*

allows to manage the interplay between PT ecosystem actors (vehicles, signals, and e-infrastructure). Secondly, it enables joint optimization and coordination of actions carried out by the different actors, in order to achieve system goals.

**Figure 2** provides an overview of the eCoBus integrated system developed in this project. The core module consists of collecting *static* input, namely the location of charging stations, lines timetables, together with the characteristics of the fleet (number of e-busses and hybrid vehicles), the characteristics of the lines (trip lengths) and of the signal infrastructure. We also assume to collect in real time trip times through AVL technology, battery states from the busses, status of each charging (occupied, available) and to have a good estimate of the passenger arrivals at stops (via e.g. APC information). These are input to the *scheduling and charging optimization* module, which is presented in detail in Section 3, whereas the *driver advisory system* combining holding and C-ITS based control and TSP are used at the operational phase to manage the vehicles in real time. The integrated system is shown to provide significant benefits both for planning objectives (better use of the fleet and the charging infrastructure, lower operations costs), and management goals (lower trip time variability and passenger costs, less fuel or energy consumed, less use of TSP requests). These benefits will be showcased in simulations using realistic scenarios in the next sections.
