Transportation System Design and Management

*Models and Technologies for Smart, Sustainable and Safe Transportation Systems*

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**92**

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

**95**

Systems

Optimal Management of

benefits of electrified and cooperative bus systems.

Electrified and Cooperative Bus

This chapter presents an integrated management approach exploiting the potentials of the new Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) to meet the requirements of the next generation Public Transport (PT). This approach considers the additional complexity of electrification—for instance electric busses need to periodically recharge during operation using dedicated infrastructure. This not only can impact service level, but also extend operating costs with complex electric charges. We develop new strategies explicitly optimizing the interactions within the PT ecosystem consisting of vehicles, traffic signals, and e-bus charging infrastructure. To achieve these goals, we rely on vehicle control rather than on the use of transit signal priority, which in congested urban scenarios can have negative effects on overall traffic performance. The main research challenges are in formulating and solving complex multi-objective optimization problems and real-time control. The proposed system is tested and evaluated in simulation showing the

**Keywords:** public transport, integrated charging and scheduling, cooperative

Sustainable urban development motivates investments in environment-friendly and user-centered Public Transport (PT) services. Three trends towards next generation PT systems are observed, namely 1) introduction of greener vehicles such as electric/hybrid busses (e-busses), 2) focus on high service quality (e.g. increased ride comfort via mitigation of stop-and-go driving) and 3) reduction of emissions and operating costs related to fuel/energy consumption and equipment wear and tear. These trends however bring new challenges. The first challenge is posed by different operational characteristics and constraints of e-busses, e.g. they need to periodically recharge batteries at e-charging stations placed in selected stops and terminals. This brings additional constraints into PT operations and its cost dynamics. The existing approaches lack the required degree of modeling detail necessary to capture the complex interactions emerging between bus operations and charging infrastructure. The second challenge is how to guarantee comfort- and cost-effective operations without negatively impacting general traffic performance. Relying solely on strategies such as Transit Signal Priority (TSP), which prioritize PT vehicles at signalized intersections,

intelligent transportation systems, real-time control, electrification

might cause congestion effects that could backfire on the PT system itself.

*Francesco Viti, Marco Rinaldi and Georgios Laskaris*
