**8. Conclusions**

Although there are many demonstration seen on advanced vehicles up to Level 3 or more, so far automobile manufacturers have not been able to commercialize to the high level automated vehicle which requires detailed and comprehensive legislation in the countries.. International Standard Organization is presently working on the standards for this automated vehicle. A number of fundamentals aspects of ADAS that are a part of the complex process of the system have been discussed. ADAS with level-2 are becoming increasingly available in the market in western countries with implication of increase in its cost. It may be mentioned that the manufacturers of ADAS driven vehicles have not been able to make any significant impact on the sale of this type of vehicle. It may be mentioned that there is not significant negative values experienced so far. The R&D into ADAS is increasingly being accelerated to enhance safety.

Though the ADAS driven vehicle is yet to find its place in the market in spite of apprehension raised by many sections of people on the safety related issues, it would be important to appreciate when it turns into Cooperative Road Vehicle Highways System reducing the probability of accident to almost zero level.

The European Community (16) is leading by investing significantly in R&D into ADAS in Europe. Many countries such as France, the Netherlands and the UK are increasingly taking an active role by participating in research activities and promoting successful implementation. The most important issues of ADAS have two key factors: i) a high level of usability and ii) a low financial risk to the manufacturer. It seems for the time being, ADAS user benefits are not clear yet and financial risks still exists.

As far as legal aspects are concerned, the relation between ADAS and product liability is very important. The product liability for ADA systems will address specific additional requirements, in particular taking into account the interaction of the drivers/users with the product in view of the current legal framework. The Code of Practice is being developed by the European car manufacturers by addressing these requirements. Presently the ADASE II technology roadmap for ADAS confirmed the expectation that ADAS will have potential benefits on safety, throughput and comfort, ranging from positive to very positive. Related technology development, R&D is still required to improve the performance of ADAS to cover wider ranges of traffic scenarios and to bring down costs. Political motivations and intervention may be needed to advise to the different decision makers to accelerate and facilitate (or regulate) the market the introduction of ADAS.

**235**

**Author details**

New Delhi, India

Pradip Kumar Sarkar

Department of Transport Planning, School of Planning and Architecture,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: pradipsarkar799@gmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

*Driver Assistance Technologies*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94354*

concerned legal issues in the society.

Therefore the government should come forward along with the concerned stake holders like road operators, car manufactures, users etc. by jointly setting up proper conducive environment in order to promote the advances of ADAS. The ADAS driven vehicles should be commercially viable in the market by addressing
