*Driver Assistance Technologies DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94354*

*Models and Technologies for Smart, Sustainable and Safe Transportation Systems*

absolute safe and smooth from operational point.

being accelerated to enhance safety.

**The** driving of **vehicle** is **controlled by a** computer **algorithm in e**ach situation. It is presently viewed **that this** fully AV **cannot be reached** at the present situation **in the actual road net**work immediately. There is an expectation that true Level − 5 of AV to attain full autonomy is about ten-plus years away. It is also expected that geo-fenced applications of autonomous vehicles (AVs) would reach in the next three to five years. The progress on the hardware as well as software has actually been very significant. The cost of LIDARs [light detection and ranging sensors], for example, has dropped by a factor of ten over the last five years. Similarly, the amount of computational capacity that the GPUs [graphic processing unit] has also increased significantly. ISO 39003 is now working on Guidance on Safety Ethical Considerations for Autonomous Vehicles in order to ensure that this vehicle is

Although there are many demonstration seen on advanced vehicles up to Level 3 or more, so far automobile manufacturers have not been able to commercialize to the high level automated vehicle which requires detailed and comprehensive legislation in the countries.. International Standard Organization is presently working on the standards for this automated vehicle. A number of fundamentals aspects of ADAS that are a part of the complex process of the system have been discussed. ADAS with level-2 are becoming increasingly available in the market in western countries with implication of increase in its cost. It may be mentioned that the manufacturers of ADAS driven vehicles have not been able to make any significant impact on the sale of this type of vehicle. It may be mentioned that there is not significant negative values experienced so far. The R&D into ADAS is increasingly

Though the ADAS driven vehicle is yet to find its place in the market in spite of apprehension raised by many sections of people on the safety related issues, it would be important to appreciate when it turns into Cooperative Road Vehicle Highways System reducing the probability of accident to almost zero level.

The European Community (16) is leading by investing significantly in R&D into ADAS in Europe. Many countries such as France, the Netherlands and the UK are increasingly taking an active role by participating in research activities and promoting successful implementation. The most important issues of ADAS have two key factors: i) a high level of usability and ii) a low financial risk to the manufacturer. It seems for the time being, ADAS user benefits are not clear yet and financial risks

As far as legal aspects are concerned, the relation between ADAS and product liability is very important. The product liability for ADA systems will address specific additional requirements, in particular taking into account the interaction of the drivers/users with the product in view of the current legal framework. The Code of Practice is being developed by the European car manufacturers by addressing these requirements. Presently the ADASE II technology roadmap for ADAS confirmed the expectation that ADAS will have potential benefits on safety, throughput and comfort, ranging from positive to very positive. Related technology development, R&D is still required to improve the performance of ADAS to cover wider ranges of traffic scenarios and to bring down costs. Political motivations and intervention may be needed to advise to the different decision makers to accelerate

and facilitate (or regulate) the market the introduction of ADAS.

**7. Autonomous driving**

**8. Conclusions**

**234**

still exists.

Therefore the government should come forward along with the concerned stake holders like road operators, car manufactures, users etc. by jointly setting up proper conducive environment in order to promote the advances of ADAS. The ADAS driven vehicles should be commercially viable in the market by addressing concerned legal issues in the society.
