**7. Case-study of Venice and Adriatic Sea**

The method of derivation of VLM described in the previous section will now be applied to a real case. To this end we have chosen the Adriatic Sea for its complexity and for the interest in this area. Indeed, several historical heritage cities and commercial/productive sites lie in the coastal area of the region, not to mention the number of people leaving along the Adriatic Sea coast, which at the end of last century was already higher than 3.5 million [60]. First, we will derive the VLM values in the Adriatic Sea using the classical LIPWC technique. After that, the LIPWC method will be applied to the same data using the change of variable presented in Eq. (12), and the results of the two strategies compared.

The TG in the Adriatic Sea for which long time series of monthly sea level are available are few. **Table 1** reports their name, position, and data availability. The records of the TGs have been formed in some case from different sources,


#### **Table 1.**

*Principal characteristics of tide gauges considered in Adriatic Sea. Some of the tide gauge records have been formed by collating partial records from different sources. Such situation is marked by an asterisk after the tide gauge name.*
