Preface

More than 90 percent of transportation accidents are caused by drivers and pedestrians. To increase safety on the road and decrease environmental pollution, Electrical Autonomous Driving (EAD) has become a potential solution. The Vision Zero project is a plan from the European Union that aims to achieve a highway system with no fatalities or serious injuries involving road traffic by 2050. One aspect of this plan involves the use of Autonomous Driving (AD). Introducing AD will eliminate car insurance, technical inspections, and maintenance expenses for individuals. Therefore, as road assurance and parking spaces increase, care costs and pollution will decrease.

The book creates a bridge between companies in the AD field and people by eliminating possible risks through technological development. People fear AD, making social acceptance of this technology difficult to achieve. Examples of AD include the recent collaboration of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Toyota Research Institute (TRI) to create the MapLite AD navigation system for rural and suburban roads. The use of intelligent control and sensor fusion algorithms for driverless control makes AD possible and safe in cloudy, foggy, snowy, rainy, or sleet conditions. In Boston, WaveSense makes radar for AD to "see" underground via non-invasive penetration technology. As such, innovative road infrastructure can be used to avoid inappropriate surface conditions.

The challenges of AD include finding viable solutions to barriers to all levels of autonomy, supporting AD development, and distributing control algorithms in a comprehensive way. AD includes both inland and ocean water transport, and can refer to autonomous cars, flying cars, unmanned aerial systems, autonomous underwater vehicles, unmanned surface vehicles, and more. It is important to note that the network communication in AD is vulnerable to cyberattacks. Therefore robust and safe management of sensing technologies is integral. Also essential is the adoption of new standards for mass-producing driverless vehicles.

The book is organized into four sections containing two chapters each: "Towards Self-Driving Vehicles"; "Design Issues"; "Enabling Technologies"; and "Future Mobility". The book examines and discusses the applications of AD in transportation, logistics, space, agriculture, and industrial and home automation.

The editor gives special thanks to the staff at IntechOpen, including Author Service Managers, Ms. Marijana Francetic and Ms. Rebekah Pribetic, and Commissioning Editors, Sandra Maljavac, and Anja Filipovic, for their contributions to the editorial process.

**II**

**Section 4**

*by Prem Chand Jain*

Future Mobility Advances and Trends

*by Michela Longo, Wahiba Yaïci and Federica Foiadelli*

Trends in Next Generation Intelligent Transportation Systems

Future Mobility **151**

**Chapter 7 153**

**Chapter 8 173**

**Marian Găiceanu** Department of Automatic Control and Electrical Engineering, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania

**1**

Section 1

Towards Self-Driving Vehicles

Section 1
