**Author details**

Theodore V. Hromadka II1 and Prasada Rao2 \*

1 Department of Engineering-Mathematics, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States of America

2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States of America

\*Address all correspondence to: mprasadarao@fullerton.edu

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**51**

*Examination of Hydrologic Computer Programs DHM and EDHM*

General techniques for level 3 BLAS. In: TR-95-40, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas. Oct. 1995

[11] O'Brien JS, Julien PY, Fullerton WT.

[12] Paudel M, Roman SB, Pritchard J. A Comparative Study of HEC-RAS 2D, TUFLOW, & Mike 21, Presented at ASFPM 2016 Annual National Conference. MI: Grand Rapids; 2016

[10] Hromadka II TV, Yen CC. A diffusion hydrodynamic model. Water resources investigations report. U.S. geological survey; 1987: 87– 4137. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/

Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE.

[13] Liggett JA, Woolhiser DA. Difference solutions of the shallowwater equation, J. Eng. Mech. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1967;**9J**(EM2):39-71

[14] Akan AO, Yen BC. Mathematical modeling of shallow water flow over porous media. J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1981;**W7**(HY4):479-494

[15] Singh J, Altinakar MS, Ding Y. Numerical modeling of rainfallgenerated overland flow using nonlinear shallow-water equations. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 2015;**20**(8). DOI: 04014089, 10.1061/(ASCE)

HE.1943-5584.0001124

wri874137

1993;**119**:244-261

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94283*

[1] Syamlal, M. MFIX documentation. User's manual, U.S. Dept. of Energy, DOE/METC-95/1013, DE95000031, https://mfix.netl.doe.gov/doc/

[2] Torrey MD, Cloutman LD, Mjolsness RC and Hirt, CW.NASA-VOF2D: A Computer Program for Incompressible Flows with Free Surfaces.LA-10612- MS(December 1985) http://www. oecd-nea.org/tools/abstract/detail/

[3] Nielsen E, Park MA, Rumsey CL, Thomas JL, and Wood WA. FUN3D Manual: 13.0," NASA TM-2016-219330, Langley Research Center, Aug. 2016.

Johnston CO, and Kleb B. LAURA Users Manual: 5.5-65135, NASA TM-2013- 217800, February 2013. https://ntrs. nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20130009520

[5] Rogers, SE, Kwak D, and Chang JL. INS3D-an Incompressible Navier-Stokes Code in Generalized Three-Dimensional Coordinates, NASA TM-100012. 1987. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.

ntrs.nasa.gov/19880003609.pdf

[6] Eriksson K, Estep D, Hansbo P. Johnson C. Computational Differential Equations: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1996

[7] Balay S, Brown J, Buschelman K, Eijkhout V, Gropp WD, Kaushik D, Knepley MG, McInnes LC, Smith BF, Zhang H. PETSc users manual. Tech. Rep. ANL-95/11 - Revision 3.4, Argonne

[8] Blackford LS, Choi J, Cleary A, D'Azevedo E, Demmel J, Dhillon I, et al.

[9] Chtchelkanova A, Gunnels J, Morrow G, Overfelt J, van de Geijn RA. Parallel implementation of BLAS:

National Laboratory, 2013.

Guide. SIAM; 1997

https://fun3d.larc.nasa.gov/

[4] Mazaheri A, Gnoffo PA,

mfix/20.1.0/, 2004.

**References**

nesc9644/

*Examination of Hydrologic Computer Programs DHM and EDHM DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94283*

## **References**

*Hydrology*

**6. Conclusions**

**50**

**Author details**

Theodore V. Hromadka II1

West Point, NY, United States of America

Fullerton, CA, United States of America

provided the original work is properly cited.

and Prasada Rao2

\*Address all correspondence to: mprasadarao@fullerton.edu

1 Department of Engineering-Mathematics, United States Military Academy,

USGS Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model is a legacy Fortran 77 that has been widely applied for multiple one and two-dimensional flow scenarios. The computational limitations in the model which prevent its application over large domains have been addressed in this paper. The enhanced model can accommodate 9999 cells and 99 inflow and outflow nodes. Based on the analysis that was carried out and the close agreement of the results between the two models gives confidence in the reliability of the extended model. Current findings encourage future development

of parallel EDHM in order to reduce the computational time.

2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*

[1] Syamlal, M. MFIX documentation. User's manual, U.S. Dept. of Energy, DOE/METC-95/1013, DE95000031, https://mfix.netl.doe.gov/doc/ mfix/20.1.0/, 2004.

[2] Torrey MD, Cloutman LD, Mjolsness RC and Hirt, CW.NASA-VOF2D: A Computer Program for Incompressible Flows with Free Surfaces.LA-10612- MS(December 1985) http://www. oecd-nea.org/tools/abstract/detail/ nesc9644/

[3] Nielsen E, Park MA, Rumsey CL, Thomas JL, and Wood WA. FUN3D Manual: 13.0," NASA TM-2016-219330, Langley Research Center, Aug. 2016. https://fun3d.larc.nasa.gov/

[4] Mazaheri A, Gnoffo PA, Johnston CO, and Kleb B. LAURA Users Manual: 5.5-65135, NASA TM-2013- 217800, February 2013. https://ntrs. nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20130009520

[5] Rogers, SE, Kwak D, and Chang JL. INS3D-an Incompressible Navier-Stokes Code in Generalized Three-Dimensional Coordinates, NASA TM-100012. 1987. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi. ntrs.nasa.gov/19880003609.pdf

[6] Eriksson K, Estep D, Hansbo P. Johnson C. Computational Differential Equations: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1996

[7] Balay S, Brown J, Buschelman K, Eijkhout V, Gropp WD, Kaushik D, Knepley MG, McInnes LC, Smith BF, Zhang H. PETSc users manual. Tech. Rep. ANL-95/11 - Revision 3.4, Argonne National Laboratory, 2013.

[8] Blackford LS, Choi J, Cleary A, D'Azevedo E, Demmel J, Dhillon I, et al. Guide. SIAM; 1997

[9] Chtchelkanova A, Gunnels J, Morrow G, Overfelt J, van de Geijn RA. Parallel implementation of BLAS:

General techniques for level 3 BLAS. In: TR-95-40, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas. Oct. 1995

[10] Hromadka II TV, Yen CC. A diffusion hydrodynamic model. Water resources investigations report. U.S. geological survey; 1987: 87– 4137. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ wri874137

[11] O'Brien JS, Julien PY, Fullerton WT. Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE. 1993;**119**:244-261

[12] Paudel M, Roman SB, Pritchard J. A Comparative Study of HEC-RAS 2D, TUFLOW, & Mike 21, Presented at ASFPM 2016 Annual National Conference. MI: Grand Rapids; 2016

[13] Liggett JA, Woolhiser DA. Difference solutions of the shallowwater equation, J. Eng. Mech. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1967;**9J**(EM2):39-71

[14] Akan AO, Yen BC. Mathematical modeling of shallow water flow over porous media. J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1981;**W7**(HY4):479-494

[15] Singh J, Altinakar MS, Ding Y. Numerical modeling of rainfallgenerated overland flow using nonlinear shallow-water equations. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 2015;**20**(8). DOI: 04014089, 10.1061/(ASCE) HE.1943-5584.0001124

**53**

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

*Maciej Zalewski*

Culture and Education).

management

Ecohydrology: An Integrative

The dynamic of the water cycle in catchments is determined by climate, geology, geomorphology, plant cover ad modified by agriculture, urbanisation, industrial development and hydroengineering infrastructure. Up until the end of the 20th century, water management was dominated by a mechanistic approach, focused on the elimination of threats such as floods and droughts and providing resources for the society with little to no regard for the impact this approach had on the ecosystem. Highlighting of water as a key driver of ecosystem dynamics, and further ecohydrology which highlights water/biota interactions from molecular to catchment scale provide a new perspective, new tools and new systemic solutions for enhancement of catchment sustainability potential WBSRCE (consisting of 5 elements: Water, Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services for Society, Resilience and

**Keywords:** ecohydrology, sustainability potential, engineering harmony, water,

*"We are living in the Anthropocene Era when almost 80% of our usable ecosphere, has been conditioned, converted, and consumed by humans, usually without understanding* 

There is an increasing the number of the scientific evidences from molecular, ecosystem up to global scale, that the exponential growth of human population and acceleration of consumption in Anthropocene resulted in the declining the ecological and regenerative potential of the planet Earth, expressed by the "ecological footprint", which recently is above 1.7 [2]. This accelerated changes of biosphere can be described in two dimensions: first cumulative - synergic amplification many impacts (deforestation +pollution+ river channelization ect.) The second one - long term slow changes e.g. catchment urbanisation, industrialisation, transport development, emission of pollutants. Both create dramatic consequences: reduces water retentiveness and increase stochastic character of water cycle – floods, droughts, landslides and interconnected degradation of biogeochemical cycles – carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and as further consequence the loss of soil fertility. All above processes increase abiotic disturbances strength for biota and decline biological productivity and biodiversity in catchment scale, which in turn negatively effects water quantity and quality. If we continue such "business as usually" deadly spiralling of

**1. Introduction: why ecohydrology becoming one of the key for** 

**sustainable biosphere, water and food**

*the full consequences of our actions"* [1]*.*

Sustainability Science

### **Chapter 4**
