Meet the editors

Thomas Heinbockel, Ph.D., is Professor and Interim Chair in the Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC. Dr. Heinbockel's laboratory engages in multidisciplinary research to elucidate organizational principles of neural systems in the brain, specifically the limbic and olfactory systems. His research has been directed at understanding brain mechanisms of information processing and their relation

to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. His lab works also on translational projects, specifically the development of novel anti-epileptic drugs and pharmacotherapeutic treatment options for drug addiction. His lab also analyzes drug actions at the epi- and genetic levels using next-generation sequencing technology. Dr. Heinbockel studied biology at the Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. His studies of the brain began during his MS thesis work at the Max-Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Starnberg/Seewiesen, Germany. Subsequently, Dr. Heinbockel completed a Ph.D. in Neuroscience at the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. After graduating, he was a research associate at the Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany. Prior to his arrival at Howard University, Dr. Heinbockel held joint research faculty appointments in the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the Department of Physiology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. He still maintains an adjunct appointment in these departments.

Yongxia Zhou obtained a Ph.D. in Biomedical Imaging from the University of Southern California. Her research interest is radiology and neuroscience technology and application. She had been trained as an imaging scientist at several prestigious institutes including Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Her research focuses on multi-modal neuroimaging integration such as MRI/PET and

EEG/MEG instrumentation to make the best use of multiple modalities for better interpretation of underlying disease mechanisms. She is the author and editor of more than twelve books for well-known publishers including IntechOpen and Nova Science. She has published more than 100 papers and abstracts in many reputed international journals and conferences and served as reviewer and editor for several academic associations.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface XI**

Cellular and Clinical Aspects of Neural Connectivity **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 25**

**Chapter 3 47**

Consciousness and Neural Connectivity **69**

**Chapter 4 71**

**Chapter 5 117**

**Chapter 6 139**

*by Georgii Telegin, Aleksandr Chernov, Alexey Belogurov, Irina Balmasova,* 

Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in the Detrimental Brain Function *by Alejandro Gonzalez-Candia, Nicole K. Rogers and Rodrigo L. Castillo*

Physical and Cognitive Therapy (PCT) in Critically Ill Patient

Brain Functional Architecture and Human Understanding

The Neurofunctional Model of Consciousness: The Physiological

Interplay between Primary Cortical Areas and Crossmodal Plasticity

Cytokine Profile as a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune

Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury

Interconnectivity of Brain Networks

*by Christian Xerri and Yoh'i Zennou-Azogui*

*by Umberto León-Domínguez*

*by Heru Suwardianto*

**Section 2**

*by Yan M. Yufik*

*Nikolai Konovalov and Aleksandr Gabibov*
