5.Noun List Recall

The patient reads a series of seven words and is asked to repeat them in any order, for example, "cat, cat, clock, foot, guitar, knife, button".

6.Paragraph or Story Recall

Patients read a story that contains many details and are asked to repeat it back to the nurse or researcher as they have read. For example, "On March 14, two cows escaped from their pen through a hole in the fence and went to a busy highway, three cars collided trying to avoid the cow, fortunately, no one was injured. After four hours the cow just went down. can be caught".

## 7.Letter-Number Sequences

Patients are asked to read a sequence of letters and numbers after which they are asked to arrange letters and numbers and the numerical sequence is first ordered then alphabetical order. This exercise starts with a series of 1 number and letters (for example, "L, 2", and the patient will answer, "2-L") and progresses to 4 numbers and 4 letters (for example, "7, M, 2, T, 6, F, 1, Z", to which the patient will answer "1–2–6-7-FMTZ").

#### 8.Pattern Recognition

The patient is presented with a sequence of letters or numbers with some of the sequences omitted. The patient is then asked to complete the sequence by recognizing the pattern of the components. Which is missing and fills in the missing letters or numbers (for example, the sequence: 1 -\_\_- 3 - \_\_ - 5 - \_\_ - 7 - \_\_ will finish by filling in the missing even numbers, 1–2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8).

### **3.4 Intervention procedures physical therapy**

Physical therapy is physical activity therapy carried out on Critically ill patients in the ICU by paying attention to the patient's condition with the hope of improving the patient's physical function recovery. The goal of physical therapy is to improve the patient's physical function while the patient is in the ICU contractures, or atrophy during the patient's life emphasizes the treatment and, in the end, the patient's physical function after leaving the ICU is getting better. is a physical activity therapy performed on Critically ill patients in the ICU by paying attention to the patient's condition with the hope of improving the recovery of the patient's physical function. Intervention physical therapy Before, necessary screening is.

Criteria Patients who receive physical exercise interventions have the following signs and symptoms 43:


The intervention was immediately stopped, the patient was instructed in a resting position (for example, sitting in a chair, on the edge of the bed or supine on the bed), but if the intervention was able to be completed within 5 minutes, the next intervention was based on the clinical judgment from the intervention provider or the therapist. If the patient presents with an arrhythmia, or if there is any concern that new myocardial ischemia, impaired breathing and airway patterns of the patient, or if the patient has fallen, then the intervention is stopped immediately. If the patient is found to have a change in the RASS value to +2, +3,

**57**

nursing research [43].

(**Figure 3**).

*Physical and Cognitive Therapy (PCT) in Critically Ill Patient*

flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle).

**4. Theory the symptom management**

Interventions in nursing practice [20, 43].

or + 4, the procedure is immediately stopped. If there is a change in the RASS value on a different day, then the therapy is stopped (drop out) Physical exercise proce-

1.Patients in a coma or stupor (RASS −4 or − 5): passive ROM intervention is performed (Abduction of the shoulder, elbow, and groin. Knee extension.,

2.Patients with RASS -3 or − 2: passive ROM intervention was performed and

3.Patients with RASS -1 to 1: identified as capable of active ROM, then the patient performs active ROM in all major joints and/or sleep mobility exercises (for example, lateral and supine tilts and sitting), sitting on the edge of the bed, doing daily activities -day (eating or simulating eating, bathing or brushing teeth, dressing), changing positions from sitting to standing and from bed

Measurement of physical and cognitive function outcomes can be done 72 hours

Symptom management model first was introduced at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) by Larson in 1994, and developed by Dodd, M., Janson, S., Facione, N., Faucett, J., Froelicher, ES, Humphreys, J., Taylor, D. in 2001 in the publication of the Journal of Advanced Nursing with the title Advancing the Science of Symptom Management. (Dodd et al., 2001) Symptoms are defined as subjective experiences that reflect changes in the biopsychosocial function, sensation, or cognition of the individual. Signs and symptoms are defined as disease indications detected by individuals or other people. (Smith & Liehr, 2014) Signs and symptoms of problems are in the form of cognitive and physical dysfunction, which are important aspects of health status and diseases that interfere with the health of other patients such as social function. Acute symptoms that often appear will make patients come back to health services to have their health checked and make the patient's quality of life decrease

Patients during treatment in the ICU may develop symptoms or a group of symptoms that can be the first indication in identifying the prognosis of further disease progression. These symptoms are the effect of previous treatment while in the ICU or symptoms of decreased health function can also be caused by pharmacologists or nursing services performed by health personnel. Theory of Symptom Management can help provide information to relieve or prevent symptoms or to minimize the stress of experiencing symptoms that can occur while a patient is in the ICU. This middle-range theory serves to guide symptom assessment and

Three important concepts of Symptom Management Theory (SMT) namely, symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and symptom status outcomes. This concept focuses on three domains of nursing science, namely the domain of people, environment, and health or disease (person domain, environmental domain, and health/illness domain) as contextual considerations for

the patient was positioned to sit in bed for at least 20 minutes.

to chair, and ambulation (with or without assistance).

after the intervention or the patient is discharged from the ICU [24].

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94154*

dures, namely:

*Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain*

Patients are asked to read a sequence of letters and numbers after which they

The patient is presented with a sequence of letters or numbers with some of the sequences omitted. The patient is then asked to complete the sequence by recognizing the pattern of the components. Which is missing and fills in the missing letters or numbers (for example, the sequence: 1 -\_\_- 3 - \_\_ - 5 - \_\_ - 7 - \_\_ will finish by

Physical therapy is physical activity therapy carried out on Critically ill patients in the ICU by paying attention to the patient's condition with the hope of improving the patient's physical function recovery. The goal of physical therapy is to improve the patient's physical function while the patient is in the ICU contractures, or atrophy during the patient's life emphasizes the treatment and, in the end, the patient's physical function after leaving the ICU is getting better. is a physical activity therapy performed on Critically ill patients in the ICU by paying attention to the patient's condition with the hope of improving the recovery of the patient's physical

Criteria Patients who receive physical exercise interventions have the following

are asked to arrange letters and numbers and the numerical sequence is first ordered then alphabetical order. This exercise starts with a series of 1 number and letters (for example, "L, 2", and the patient will answer, "2-L") and progresses to 4 numbers and 4 letters (for example, "7, M, 2, T, 6, F, 1, Z", to which the patient will

filling in the missing even numbers, 1–2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8).

function. Intervention physical therapy Before, necessary screening is.

1.Decreased pulse pressure (e.g., lightheadedness and syncope).

7.Patient distress (nonverbal cues, gestures, physical combativeness).

The intervention was immediately stopped, the patient was instructed in a resting position (for example, sitting in a chair, on the edge of the bed or supine on the bed), but if the intervention was able to be completed within 5 minutes, the next intervention was based on the clinical judgment from the intervention provider or the therapist. If the patient presents with an arrhythmia, or if there is any concern that new myocardial ischemia, impaired breathing and airway patterns of the patient, or if the patient has fallen, then the intervention is stopped immediately. If the patient is found to have a change in the RASS value to +2, +3,

**3.4 Intervention procedures physical therapy**

2.Heart rate is 40 to 130 beats/minute

4.Systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg.

6.Marked ventilator desynchrony.

5.Pulse oximetry <88%.

3.Respiratory rate is 5 to 40 breaths/minute.

7.Letter-Number Sequences

answer "1–2–6-7-FMTZ").

8.Pattern Recognition

signs and symptoms 43:

**56**

or + 4, the procedure is immediately stopped. If there is a change in the RASS value on a different day, then the therapy is stopped (drop out) Physical exercise procedures, namely:


Measurement of physical and cognitive function outcomes can be done 72 hours after the intervention or the patient is discharged from the ICU [24].
