**Acknowledgements**

*Spatial Variability in Environmental Science - Patterns, Processes, and Analyses*

Temperatures dropped 3°C crossing the highway toward the east into a less developed area, and another 2°C once downwind of a largely undeveloped area at the time (LCZ B/C/D). Driving direction and symbol spacing highlighted in this close-up illustrate the delayed response of the temperature sensor at higher driving speeds on the southern leg as compared with the northern leg, which included two short stops at traffic lights, one before crossing the highway, and another north of

*Temperature anomalies from several daytime (afternoon) traverses, overlaid on the LCLU map of the BCS area. The depicted routes were driven on September 2, 2015 (central SW–NE extension; winds E at 4 m s<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>*

*). X and y-axis units are in meters and reflect* easting *and* northing *of UTM zone R14 (i.e.,* 

*),* 

*), and August 26, 2015 (northern extension; winds* 

Case study 2 is shown in **Figure 7**, which depicts temperature anomalies from three independent daytime traverses overlaid on the high resolution LCLU map. The daytime traverses showed a much more sophisticated, smaller scale pattern of the UHI as compared with the nighttime traverses. Wind speed during all these drives was south to southeasterly, and upon closer inspection the data revealed impacts of impervious surfaces areas near and upwind of the driving location [38, 88] as an important factor in determining UHI intensity in the BCS metro area. Research is ongoing to improve the LCLU map, and quantify UHI intensity as a function of the footprint's impervious area fraction, as well as other LCZ properties such as canyon aspect ratio and surface albedo.

We have translated an undergraduate course project of stationary measurements of the urban heat island in a mid-size urban area in east Texas into a more detailed undergraduate study of the cities' UHI intensity as a function of meteorological conditions and urban morphology. Our study was able to reproduce the

the sports complex near the center of the map.

*October 14, 2015 (southern extension; winds SE at 4 m s<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>*

*distance, respectively, from the central meridian of the zone and from the equator).*

**36**

**4. Conclusions**

**Figure 7.**

*S at 3.5 m s<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>*

We are grateful to the College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, for funding the two undergraduate students involved in this project.
