**Author details**

Mustafa Ergen Faculty of Fine Art and Design, Department of Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey

\*Address all correspondence to: mustafaergen2002@yahoo.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**45**

*Using the Buffer Zone Method to Measure the Accessibility of the Green Areas in Tokat, Turkey*

evaluation. Journal for American Institute of Planners. 1977;**34**(1):19-29

[10] Collins MG, Steiner FR, Rushman MJ. Land-use suitability analysis in the United States:

technological achievements. Environmental Management.

2001;**28**(5):611-621

Press; 2001

[9] Brail RK, Klosterman RE. Planning Support Systems. Redlands, CA: ESRI

Historical development and promising

[11] Malczewski J. GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: A critical overview.

[12] 2018 Environmental State Report for Tokat City. Tokat: Principle Branch for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Permission. 2019. Available from: https://webdosya. csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/tokat\_2018\_ cdr\_rev-ze-20190807131602.pdf [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

Progress in Planning. 2004;**62**:3

[13] TURKSTAT. The Result of Population Registration System Based on Address. 2020. Available from: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ medas/?kn=95&locale=tr [Accessed:

[15] Ergen YB. The Framework of Planning Report for Urban Protected Area of Analytical Studies and Conservation Development. Tokat Conservation Development Plan Responsible Person Work in Gazi University in Revolving Fund

[14] Ebregt A, De Greve P. Buffer Zones and their Management; Policy and Best Practices for Terrestrial Ecosystem in Developing Countries. Wateringen: JB&A Grafische Communicatie; 2000. Available from: https://edepot.wur. nl/118089 [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

23 April 2020]

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92744*

Constitution Planning and Unplanning Development in Cities. Academic Works in the Field of Science, Culture and Art. 2018 Autumn. Ankara: Gece Publishing; 2018. pp. 143-156. ISBN:

[2] Morar T, Radoslav R, Spiridon LC, Pacurar L. Assessing pedestrian accessibility to green space using GIS. Journal of Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences. Romania; 2014;**42**:116-139. Available from: https:// rtsa.ro/tras/index.php/tras/article/ view/94 [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[3] Comber A, Brunsdon C, Green E. Using a GIS-based network analysis to determine urban greenspace accessibility for different ethnic and religious groups. Landscape and Planning. 2008;**86**:103-114

[4] Ergen YB. Urbanism. Ankara: Higher Technical Teacher School; 1981. p. 353

Provision Suffolk. 2010. Available from: publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ file/6012346285686784 [Accessed:

[6] Koliotsis PT, Papadopoulou MP. The contribution of accessible urban greenspace in the quality of residents' life in the Attica basin—A spatial analysis. In: 15th International

Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Rhodes, Greece. 2017. Available from: https://cest2017.gnest. org/group/2261/proceedings.html

[8] Hopkins L. Methods for generating land suitability maps: A comparative

[Accessed: 23 April 2020]

New York: Wiley; 1969

[7] IL MH. Design with Nature.

[5] Natural England. Analysis of Accessible Natural Greenspace

23 April 2020]

[1] Ergen YB. Investigation of

978-605-288-877-3

**References**

*Using the Buffer Zone Method to Measure the Accessibility of the Green Areas in Tokat, Turkey DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92744*

## **References**

*Landscape Architecture - Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development*

The author is responsible for planning especially about landscape architecture issue where urban conservation planning alteration is made in the parcel numbers 59, 132, and 391. The author developed the article for the whole city that included also these parcels. The author is so grateful to Tokat Municipality for helping to

**Acknowledgements**

access data.

Faculty of Fine Art and Design, Department of Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: mustafaergen2002@yahoo.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

**44**

**Author details**

Mustafa Ergen

Turkey

[1] Ergen YB. Investigation of Constitution Planning and Unplanning Development in Cities. Academic Works in the Field of Science, Culture and Art. 2018 Autumn. Ankara: Gece Publishing; 2018. pp. 143-156. ISBN: 978-605-288-877-3

[2] Morar T, Radoslav R, Spiridon LC, Pacurar L. Assessing pedestrian accessibility to green space using GIS. Journal of Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences. Romania; 2014;**42**:116-139. Available from: https:// rtsa.ro/tras/index.php/tras/article/ view/94 [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[3] Comber A, Brunsdon C, Green E. Using a GIS-based network analysis to determine urban greenspace accessibility for different ethnic and religious groups. Landscape and Planning. 2008;**86**:103-114

[4] Ergen YB. Urbanism. Ankara: Higher Technical Teacher School; 1981. p. 353

[5] Natural England. Analysis of Accessible Natural Greenspace Provision Suffolk. 2010. Available from: publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ file/6012346285686784 [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[6] Koliotsis PT, Papadopoulou MP. The contribution of accessible urban greenspace in the quality of residents' life in the Attica basin—A spatial analysis. In: 15th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Rhodes, Greece. 2017. Available from: https://cest2017.gnest. org/group/2261/proceedings.html [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[7] IL MH. Design with Nature. New York: Wiley; 1969

[8] Hopkins L. Methods for generating land suitability maps: A comparative

evaluation. Journal for American Institute of Planners. 1977;**34**(1):19-29

[9] Brail RK, Klosterman RE. Planning Support Systems. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press; 2001

[10] Collins MG, Steiner FR, Rushman MJ. Land-use suitability analysis in the United States: Historical development and promising technological achievements. Environmental Management. 2001;**28**(5):611-621

[11] Malczewski J. GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: A critical overview. Progress in Planning. 2004;**62**:3

[12] 2018 Environmental State Report for Tokat City. Tokat: Principle Branch for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Permission. 2019. Available from: https://webdosya. csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/tokat\_2018\_ cdr\_rev-ze-20190807131602.pdf [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[13] TURKSTAT. The Result of Population Registration System Based on Address. 2020. Available from: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ medas/?kn=95&locale=tr [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[14] Ebregt A, De Greve P. Buffer Zones and their Management; Policy and Best Practices for Terrestrial Ecosystem in Developing Countries. Wateringen: JB&A Grafische Communicatie; 2000. Available from: https://edepot.wur. nl/118089 [Accessed: 23 April 2020]

[15] Ergen YB. The Framework of Planning Report for Urban Protected Area of Analytical Studies and Conservation Development. Tokat Conservation Development Plan Responsible Person Work in Gazi University in Revolving Fund

### *Landscape Architecture - Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development*

**47**

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

in Lagos State.

socio-demography

**1. Introduction**

*Funmilayo M. Adedire*

Disparity in Peri-Urbanisation

This chapter assessed the causes of disparity in the peri-urbanisation process in Lagos new towns and the accompanying effect on the characteristics of the transitioning settlements. Data collection was primarily through administration of 384 and 370 questionnaires to purposively selected housing units in Ikorodu and Ibeju-Lekki, respectively. These two settlements represent the most rapidly urbanising peri-urban in Lagos State. Primary data collected included drivers of urban expansion, residents' demography, locational convenience and commuting frequency. To supplement the primary data, spatial images of 2006 and 2016 were acquired as satellite images from Google Earth archive for this study. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and time series and satellite image analysis for the qualitative data. The results show a varying extent of transition primarily influenced by the residents' demography, linkages to the urban areas, quality of life and stakeholders' response to housing policy. The study concluded that urban policy should be used as a tool to ameliorate the disparity in infrastructure development, which is the major driver of changes, and also, government involvement in housing provision should have a spread in all urban periphery settlements

**Keywords:** commuting, land use, peri-urbanisation, periphery, rural-urban linkages,

Peri-urbanisation in Lagos State is spearheaded by many actors often with conflicting interest [1]. The pattern and rate of land conversion from agricultural land use to residential and other land uses at the peripheral does not have corresponding infrastructure. Imbalance in changes in the peri-urban interface of most developing countries poses several challenges to planning and ultimately leads to a distortion in urban policy [2]. Urban transition in Lagos peri-urban interface is traceable to many factors, some of which include socio-demography, linkages to the metropolises, availability of basic services, availability and affordability of housing for the low

While the conversion of land at the peripheral of cities can enhance the provision of housing and space for industrial expansion [3], interactions of many forces at the peri-urban interface determine the sustainability. Primarily, the heterogeneous population makes it difficult for an effective community participation in the development of basic services [4, 5]. Urban quality of life is a function of

income migrants and the state government policy on land use.

Process in Lagos, Nigeria

Management, Plan and Report Approval from Kayseri Cultural and Natural Heritage Borad in Ankara; 1992. pp. 1-102

[16] Ergen YB. . Investigation of Research for Negative Influence of Urban Development on Urban Protected Areas 2. Urban Conservation, Renewal and Applications Colloquium, Application Problems, Method, Techniques and Tools in Urban Conservation. İstanbul: Mimar Sinan University Architecture Faculty; 1994. pp. 85-94

## **Chapter 5**

*Landscape Architecture - Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development*

Management, Plan and Report Approval from Kayseri Cultural and Natural Heritage Borad in Ankara; 1992.

[16] Ergen YB. . Investigation of Research for Negative Influence of Urban Development on Urban Protected Areas 2. Urban Conservation, Renewal and Applications Colloquium,

Application Problems, Method, Techniques and Tools in Urban Conservation. İstanbul: Mimar Sinan University Architecture Faculty; 1994.

pp. 1-102

pp. 85-94

**46**
