**Author details**

*Landscape Architecture - Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development*

Also, other projects confirmed that even with low fertilization amounts, some plant species like *Avicennia germinans*, *Nitraria retusa*, and *Sesuvium portulacastrum* can grow in extremely salty areas as well [39]. As a result, tens of thousands of mangrove trees were planted in the Mauritanian side of the Senegal River Delta and Nouakchott seaport [39]. Two years after planting, the mangrove trees reached a height of about 2 m and constitute already a source of forage foodstuff

Thus, certain parts of the Earth's great deserts and other water-stressed areas might be converted to mangrove forests with seawater irrigation, which might be one of the possible and relatively cost-effective approaches to mitigate desertifica-

Water is the most limiting factor for crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Appropriate water resource management will undoubtedly enhance crop production and accomplish sustainable development. These objectives could be achieved

• Enhancing agricultural water use efficiency by avoiding water losses at all scales, adopting efficient irrigation scheduling, and using environment

by adopting the following water management strategies:

adapted crops and varieties, etc.

**150**

(**Figure 8**).

**Figure 7.**

**Figure 8.**

*Forestation of desert area by mangrove transplants.*

*Two-year-old mangrove forest (El Gahra, Mauritania).*

**5. Conclusion**

tion under global warming.

Adel Zeggaf Tahiri1 \*, G. Carmi<sup>2</sup> and M. Ünlü3

1 Agri.Environ.Engineering SARL, Tangier, Morocco

2 French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel

3 Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey

\*Address all correspondence to: zeggaf.adel@yahoo.co.uk

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
