**4. The processes to assess the maritime climate**

Prerequisites:

*Landscape Architecture - Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development*

Machico beach (South) is a beach with a mixture of black sand and basalt stones (**Figure 9**). It has clear waters and a calm sea with a mooring (pontoon) structure that allows access to the sea or coast. The coast has several catering services and

The aim is to simulate the creation of a sand beach on the coast of Machico (South), simultaneously with the dimensioning of shelter groynes to promote sand retention and mitigate the undulation on the site (hypothetical project). One possibility for creating this beach is to use the dredged sand in the port of Funchal. For this, it is necessary to make a comparison between the profile of Garau and the real

Additionally, there is a structural rehabilitation and expansion of the mooring structure (pontoon). Finally, the MFL is also calculated for a return period of 100 and 500 years. In order to model and design this analysis, a characterization of the

As starting data, the local topographic and hydrographic surveys is provided, as well as the wave data (Wave Watch III model at 32.0°N17.0°W, obtained at www. sonel.org. – the historical series is wider (1952 to 2012), with data every 6 hours), as

**16**

**Figure 10.**

similar others.

*Beach detail (source: Authors).*

**Figure 9.**

profile of the beach, measured in situ.

extreme maritime regime is needed [8, 9].

*Location of the buoy in relation to the coast (source: Author).*

presented in **Figure 10**.


The seven steps indicated in **Figure 11** were followed to obtain the Maritime Climate in Deep Waters at the chosen coast point.

The chosen coast point is located in the municipality of Machico – Machico Beach (South) with coordinates 32°42′59.23″N; 16°45′52.02″W. **Figure 12** shows the area where the project will be developed (hypothetical maritime work), in this case, an artificial beach, on which the study will be carried out.

The information used in the development of the maritime climate was SONEL database (database GOW – IH Cantabria de Santander – www.sonel.org), "Waves" tab. The point on the coast is approximately 82.5 km from the selected buoy located in the south-west of the island of Madeira (32°00′00.00″N; −17°00′00.00″W).

**Figure 11.** *Calculation methodology (source: Authors).*

**Figure 12.** *Proposal for a new beach and associated infrastructures (source: Authors).*

### **Figure 13.**

*Range of directions that affect the point on the coast chosen (source: Authors).*

### **Figure 14.**

*Extreme scalar temporal regime adjusted by the C.D.F. Gumbel together with the confidence bands for the ± 90% percentile (source: Authors).*

In this specific case, and for the point on the coast chosen, the directions to be considered include the sectors SSW-S-SSE-SE-ESE of wind rose, as shown in **Figure 13**.

In order to obtain the Extreme Scalar Temporal Regime (ESTR), it is first necessary to obtain the maximum annual directional significant wave height (hs, max) and the peak period (tp – seconds).

**Figure 14** shows the graph on the Cartesian axes – Return Period Selection (Tr) vs. extreme scalar wave height (Hs) – for our 59-year-old sample (1952–2011) (chosen database, SONEL (www.sonel.org), "Waves" separator, namely the buoy located in the south-west of the island of Madeira (32°00′00.00″N; −17°00′00.00″W)), through the C.D.F. Gumbel together with the confidence bands for the ± 90% percentile.

**19**

*Land Uses Allocation: The Execution of an Artificial Beach and Its Complementary…*

• C.D.F. Gumbel (asymptote I) we have an extreme scalar Hs for the confidence band, percentile + 90% whose value is Hsee = 6.35 m, for Tr = 100 years;

• C.D.F. Gumbel (asymptote I) we have an extreme scalar Hs for the confidence band, percentile + 90% whose value is Hsee = 8.03 m, for Tr = 500 years.

Then focus on the calculation of the maritime flood level of the beach of Machico (South) – municipality of Machico, on the south coast of Madeira

(Portugal). Along with that developed over the previous information, it is intended to obtain a comprehensive view of the local dynamics in order to schematize its

The MFL, designates the sea level reached in exceptional situations. It depends on the following factors: characteristics of the swell or the incident storm (Hs, Tp),

A comparative analysis in two dimensions of the area and topographic levels covered by the MFL was carried out for the beach of Machico (South) – municipality of Machico (Portugal), as well as its iteration with the Machico Master Plan – basic instrument for spatial planning in the municipality of Machico. That said, with the use of Microsoft Excel and AutoCad software, it was possible to develop this analysis. Thus, the order described below allows us a better under-

• Hsedir for the range of directions that affect the work, which multiplied by the directionality coefficient, Cd, of the respective direction, gives the maximum

• C.D.F. Gumbel (asymptote I) we have an extreme scalar Hs for the confidence band, percentile + 90% whose value is Hsee = 6.35 m, for Tr = 100 years;

• C.D.F. Gumbel (asymptote I) we have an extreme scalar Hs for the confidence band, percentile + 90% whose value is Hsee = 8.03 m, for

a.Natural spaces – Natural spaces for recreational use (beaches);

Regarding to the Machico Master Plan and its resolution, we will be sent to:

• Article 29 – Identification of spaces – Depending on the existing or proposed dominant use, the following classes and subclasses of spaces are considered,

• Article 31 – Identification of the operational planning and management units (UOPG) – Without prejudice to the elaboration of municipal plans of a lower hierarchy for the entire area of urban land production in the municipality, the UOPG identified in this Plan and which are considered a priority intervention

It is possible to distinguish several levels of maritime floods depending on their origin: the simple maritime, the simple rainwater and the rain-sea

After executing the previous task, we have the following:

slope of the beach and the existence or not of coastal defenses.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99844*

performance.

combination.

standing of the above-mentioned:

value of Hsee = 3.42 m;

identified in the planning plan:

Tr = 500 years.

are the following:

*Land Uses Allocation: The Execution of an Artificial Beach and Its Complementary… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99844*

After executing the previous task, we have the following:


Then focus on the calculation of the maritime flood level of the beach of Machico (South) – municipality of Machico, on the south coast of Madeira (Portugal). Along with that developed over the previous information, it is intended to obtain a comprehensive view of the local dynamics in order to schematize its performance.

The MFL, designates the sea level reached in exceptional situations. It depends on the following factors: characteristics of the swell or the incident storm (Hs, Tp), slope of the beach and the existence or not of coastal defenses.

It is possible to distinguish several levels of maritime floods depending on their origin: the simple maritime, the simple rainwater and the rain-sea combination.

A comparative analysis in two dimensions of the area and topographic levels covered by the MFL was carried out for the beach of Machico (South) – municipality of Machico (Portugal), as well as its iteration with the Machico Master Plan – basic instrument for spatial planning in the municipality of Machico. That said, with the use of Microsoft Excel and AutoCad software, it was possible to develop this analysis. Thus, the order described below allows us a better understanding of the above-mentioned:


Regarding to the Machico Master Plan and its resolution, we will be sent to:

• Article 29 – Identification of spaces – Depending on the existing or proposed dominant use, the following classes and subclasses of spaces are considered, identified in the planning plan:

a.Natural spaces – Natural spaces for recreational use (beaches);

• Article 31 – Identification of the operational planning and management units (UOPG) – Without prejudice to the elaboration of municipal plans of a lower hierarchy for the entire area of urban land production in the municipality, the UOPG identified in this Plan and which are considered a priority intervention are the following:

*Landscape Architecture - Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development*

*Range of directions that affect the point on the coast chosen (source: Authors).*

*Extreme scalar temporal regime adjusted by the C.D.F. Gumbel together with the confidence bands for the ±* 

In this specific case, and for the point on the coast chosen, the directions to be considered include the sectors SSW-S-SSE-SE-ESE of wind rose, as shown in

In order to obtain the Extreme Scalar Temporal Regime (ESTR), it is first necessary to obtain the maximum annual directional significant wave height (hs, max)

**Figure 14** shows the graph on the Cartesian axes – Return Period Selection (Tr) vs. extreme scalar wave height (Hs) – for our 59-year-old sample (1952–2011) (chosen database, SONEL (www.sonel.org), "Waves" separator, namely the buoy located in the south-west of the island of Madeira (32°00′00.00″N; −17°00′00.00″W)), through the C.D.F. Gumbel together with the confidence bands for the ± 90%

**18**

**Figure 14.**

**Figure 13.**

**Figure 13**.

percentile.

*90% percentile (source: Authors).*

and the peak period (tp – seconds).

**Figure 15.**

*Comparison of "MFL" maritime flood level – Hs (Real, Tr = 100 and Tr = 500) (source: Authors).*

a.U1 – Machico old/historic area;

b.U2 – Machico equipment area;

c.U13 – Machico sea front.

After analyzing the Machico Master Plan, and in view of the increase in the value of Hsee, the uses of soil and their categorization were identified, with an increase of these in relation to the value of Hsee, as shown in **Figure 15**.

### **5. Closing section**

The main focus of this study is the "Execution of an Artificial Beach and Respective Complementary Infrastructures (Madeira Island – Machico)."

From the bibliographic analysis, knowledge is acquired at the level of the execution methodologies related to the different alternatives to develop a complete artificial beach project.

So, considering the broad scope of the theme of this study and the slowness associated with it, it was possible to achieve the purposes previously stated in a satisfactory manner, complementing the knowledge acquired throughout academic life with scientific information and experimental analysis (use of different software).

In the development of this study, a comparative analysis between the "MFL" maritime flood level was carried out for the beach of Machico (South) – municipality of Machico (Portugal); as well as its iteration with the PDMM – essential instrument for spatial planning in the municipality of Machico, is processed, demonstrating that the creation of a project for a maritime work (artificial beach), is adequately connected with the territorial and urban planning, as well as the land uses described in the Machico Master Plan.

Two levels of risk of simple maritime flooding are distinguished:

1.The generated by the simultaneous performance of:

a.Meteorological + astronomical + extreme weather tide – Whether the SEA storm (generated by cyclones or storms) or the SWELL (generated by rainstorms) causing maritime flooding, or by impact;

**21**

*Land Uses Allocation: The Execution of an Artificial Beach and Its Complementary…*

b.Astronomical + meteorological tide + wide waves – In this case, the greatest risk of flooding occurs when the astronomical and meteorological tides

2.The Flood is generated by extreme events at sea: tectonic, volcanic or impact tsunamis. These result from any combination of tides and are of such magnitude that it is not economically viable to design any infrastructure that mini-

3.The process for calculating the MFL is slow and laborious. However, it shows that an increase in the value of Hsee corresponds to the largest affected area on

Contextually, we believe this research would be essential to develop and improve

c.Modeling and interaction between wave heights and port structures, in order to

This work was supported by national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência

e a Tecnologia, I.P. (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) by the project UIDB/05064/2020 (VALORIZA – Research Centre for Endogenous Resource

d.Analysis of the influence of the tide level in the flow in artificial water channels, direct relationship with the risk of floods downstream, and its interconnection with the analysis of the coastal dynamics (accounting of the effective

land, so greater area relative to different uses of soil will be affected.

some aspects if it is intended to continue to develop a similar study, namely:

b.Optimize the spreadsheets developed throughout this study;

minimize errors made over these years (recent past);

a.The main aspect of being mentioned is the continuation and optimization of the monitoring carried out along the coast in RAM, in order to obtain a more accurate characterization of it, at different levels, undulation, geology,

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99844*

occur simultaneously.

bathymetry, topography, etc.;

solid transport).

**Acknowledgements**

Valorization).

mizes damage.

*Land Uses Allocation: The Execution of an Artificial Beach and Its Complementary… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99844*


Contextually, we believe this research would be essential to develop and improve some aspects if it is intended to continue to develop a similar study, namely:

