**5. Agroforestry contributes to the mitigation and adaptation of greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration**

Agroforestry contributes to climate change and GHG mitigation of various land-use models. Physically, agroforestry has a complex canopy arrangement with varying characteristics and root depths, thereby making it unique for the adaptation to global warming through its role in reducing landslides, surface runoff, erosion, and nutrient loss through leaching while maintaining the biodiversity of soil flora

**9**

**Table 4.**

*Designation of Traditional Agroforestry Clusters for Handling Climate Change Based…*

which means that the harvest income can be enjoyed at all times [10].

and fauna [9]. This agroforestry model combines trees with seasonal crops to ensure that their existence resembles a secondary forest. Although it does not absorb significant CO2 in the air as a primary forest, land management through agroforestry can increase the absorption of CO, thereby mitigating climate change. Generally, there is a decrease in the world's primary forests due to the conversion of areas to other uses such as urban expansion, agricultural land, livestock, plantations, *etc*. Therefore, this agroforestry becomes one of the safety valves for forest sustainability, where residents can take advantage of forest and agricultural products to meet their basic needs. Agroforestry practices are considered potential in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG), especially CO in the atmosphere. Agroforestry farming communities usually used the same land to cultivate a mixture of perennials, consisting of agricultural or fruit crops. The economic motive is the main objective,

Conversely, multi-stratified land use is able to extract CO for photosynthetic purposes, which are stored in plant biomass for a relatively long time. Agroforestry also plays a role in adapting to climate change through the following processes (1) increasing resilience by mixing species with different resistance to temperature. In this process, a rise in temperature increases the number of species that can grow, and those likely to decline in growth with an equal amount of absorbed carbon, (2) increased resistance, which means that a rise in temperature increases the total productivity or absorption of the system disturbed to CO2. This is because there are various adjustments caused by mixed plants which have relatively different physiological characteristics, (3) migration, which means that to a certain extent, all elements or species in the agroforestry system are no longer tolerant to existing temperature changes, therefore, in some cases certain elements or types of the ecosystem moves to a more suitable place. This is directly or indirectly assisted by

Therefore, biomass measurements are used to determine *Dusung's* ability to absorb carbon. Basically, there are two methods of measuring biomass, namely (1) the non-destructive method, which is used when the allometric formula and type of plant in the *dusung* pattern are known. Some examples of allometric equations that have been created in *dusung* are presented in **Table 4**, (2) a destructive method which aims to develop allometric formulas, especially for various tree

**No Tree species Allometric formula Source**

8 *Paraserianthes falcataria* (AGB) est. = 0.0199

9 *Acacia auriculiformis* (AGB) est. = 0.0775

*Allometric equation of several types of plants in* dusung*.*

 *Coffea arabica* (AGB) est. = 0.281 D2.06 Hairiah *et al*, 2011 [9] *Musa paradisiaca* (AGB) est. = 0.030 D2.13 Hairiah *et al,* 2011 [9] *Myristica fragrans* (AGB) est. = 134.353 D 2.424 Mardiatmoko *et al*, 2018 [11] *Theobroma cacao* (AGB) est. = 0.1208 D1.98 Yuliasmara *et al*, 2009 [12] *Bambusa sp* (AGB) est. = 0.131 D2.28 Priyadarsini, 1999 [13] *Acacia mangium* (AGB) est. = 0.1999 D2.148 Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan

7 *Eucalyptus grandis* (AGB) est. = 0.0678 D2.5794 Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan

(D2 H)0.9296

(D2 H)0.9018 Rehabilitasi, 2013 [14]

Rehabilitasi, 2013 [14]

Mugiono, 2009 [15]

Mugiono, 2009 [15]

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96016*

natural processes [2].

*Designation of Traditional Agroforestry Clusters for Handling Climate Change Based… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96016*

and fauna [9]. This agroforestry model combines trees with seasonal crops to ensure that their existence resembles a secondary forest. Although it does not absorb significant CO2 in the air as a primary forest, land management through agroforestry can increase the absorption of CO, thereby mitigating climate change. Generally, there is a decrease in the world's primary forests due to the conversion of areas to other uses such as urban expansion, agricultural land, livestock, plantations, *etc*. Therefore, this agroforestry becomes one of the safety valves for forest sustainability, where residents can take advantage of forest and agricultural products to meet their basic needs. Agroforestry practices are considered potential in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG), especially CO in the atmosphere. Agroforestry farming communities usually used the same land to cultivate a mixture of perennials, consisting of agricultural or fruit crops. The economic motive is the main objective, which means that the harvest income can be enjoyed at all times [10].

Conversely, multi-stratified land use is able to extract CO for photosynthetic purposes, which are stored in plant biomass for a relatively long time. Agroforestry also plays a role in adapting to climate change through the following processes (1) increasing resilience by mixing species with different resistance to temperature. In this process, a rise in temperature increases the number of species that can grow, and those likely to decline in growth with an equal amount of absorbed carbon, (2) increased resistance, which means that a rise in temperature increases the total productivity or absorption of the system disturbed to CO2. This is because there are various adjustments caused by mixed plants which have relatively different physiological characteristics, (3) migration, which means that to a certain extent, all elements or species in the agroforestry system are no longer tolerant to existing temperature changes, therefore, in some cases certain elements or types of the ecosystem moves to a more suitable place. This is directly or indirectly assisted by natural processes [2].

Therefore, biomass measurements are used to determine *Dusung's* ability to absorb carbon. Basically, there are two methods of measuring biomass, namely (1) the non-destructive method, which is used when the allometric formula and type of plant in the *dusung* pattern are known. Some examples of allometric equations that have been created in *dusung* are presented in **Table 4**, (2) a destructive method which aims to develop allometric formulas, especially for various tree


#### **Table 4.**

*Allometric equation of several types of plants in* dusung*.*

*Agroforestry - Small Landholder's Tool for Climate Change Resiliency and Mitigation*

islands' protection function. Spatial analysis was processed using a Geographical Information System, with outputs including land cover maps and suitability maps for *dusung* agroforestry patterns as shown in **Figures 2** and **3**. Most of the villages studied were classified as good (score average 89.2) and moderate (mean score

Agroforestry contributes to climate change and GHG mitigation of various land-use models. Physically, agroforestry has a complex canopy arrangement with varying characteristics and root depths, thereby making it unique for the adaptation to global warming through its role in reducing landslides, surface runoff, erosion, and nutrient loss through leaching while maintaining the biodiversity of soil flora

**5. Agroforestry contributes to the mitigation and adaptation of** 

**greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration**

69.7), with none in the poor and bad categories.

*Land cover in Leitimur Selatan District.*

**8**

**Figure 3.**

**Figure 2.**

*Land suitability for agriculture and estate.*

species with specific branching patterns whose allometric equations understorey, seasonal plants and shrubs are generally unknown. In other words, the absence of allometric equations for the various types of plants in *dusung*, means that a destructive method of measuring biomass is necessary.
