Meet the editors

Dr. Gopal Shukla, Ph.D., is currently an assistant professor of Forestry in Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. He holds an MSc and PhD in Forestry from Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. Prior to joining the university, he worked under NAIP (National Agricultural Innovation Project), NICRA ( National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture), and SERB (Science and Engineering Re-

search Board) projects. The focus of his research and development work is on forest ecology and conservation. He is currently engaged in forestry training and development on the aspects of forestry, agroforestry medicinal plants, and climate change.

Dr. Sumit Chakravarty, Ph.D., has wide experience in forestry training, research, and development. He is currently a professor at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. He holds an MSc in Forestry and a PhD in Agronomy from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. He has conducted research on several aspects of forestry, agroforestry, medicinal plants, and climate change. He has trained many

students in these fields. The focus of his research and development work is on forest ecology and conservation.

Dr. Pankaj Panwar, Ph.D., is Principal Scientist (Forestry) at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Chandigarh, India. Dr. Panwar obtained a BSc, MSc, and PhD in Forestry from Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Himachal Pradesh, India. He began his career as an assistant professor of Forestry at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. In 2008

he joined The ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Ranchi Centre, India, as Senior Scientist (Forestry). Since 2014 he has been working as a Principal Scientist (Forestry). He has six years of teaching experience and 19 years of research experience in both temperate and dry subtropical and humid subtropical climates. He has to his credit 90 research publications as well as seven books, six technical bulletins, and one policy paper. Dr. Panwar is working on developing agroforestry models and other land-use technologies for livelihood security and natural resource management.

Jahangeer A. Bhat, Ph.D., is a former head of the Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Republic of Fiji Islands. Dr. Jahangeer has worked as a counsellor, mentor, and coordinator for forestry academic programmes. He has been instrumental in developing HE and TVET streams of forestry and allied programmes and worked closely in accreditation with the Fiji Higher Education

Commission and forestry stakeholders. Before joining Fiji National University, he worked for HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, India, and has 11 years of research and 8 years of teaching experience with a publication record of more than 60, including research articles, review papers, conference papers, and books of national and international repute. Dr. Jahangeer reviews research articles for several scientific journals and has handled research projects in his capacity as Principal Investigator and Co-Principal Investigator. His major interests lie in emerging issues in forestry including conservation of biodiversity, traditional knowledge of plants, and sustainable management of forest resources. His focus of research is vegetation ecology, ethnobotany, and evaluation of ecosystem services, forest plant biodiversity, climate change, and socio-cultural issues in forestry. Dr. Jahangeer is currently working at the College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India.

Contents

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 45** Agroforestry Trees for Fodder Production in Limpopo Province, South Africa

**Chapter 5 61**

**Chapter 6 79**

Designation of Traditional Agroforestry Clusters for Handling Climate

Assessment of Biomass and Carbon Stock along Altitudes in Traditional

Agroforestry as a Small Landholder's Tool for Climate Change Resilience

*by Kingsley Kwabena Ayisi, Paulina Bopape-Mabapa and David Brown*

Potential and Opportunities of Agroforestry Practices in Combating Land

*by Jag Mohan Singh Tomar, Akram Ahmed, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Rajesh Kaushal,* 

Farm-Forestry, Smallholder Farms and Policy Support – The Way Ahead

Change Based on the Sustainability Index in the Archipelago

Agroforestry System in Tehri District of Uttarakhand, India *by Kundan K. Vikrant, Dhanpal S. Chauhan and Raza H. Rizvi*

*by Jan Willem Hatulesila and Gun Mardiatmoko*

and Mitigation in Zimbabwe

*Gopal Shukla and Raj Kumar*

*by Vinod Chandra Pande*

*by Tariro Kamuti*

Degradation
