Urban Development

*Design of Cities and Buildings - Sustainability and Resilience in the Built Environment*

[24] ASTM C33/C33M-18. "Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates."

ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018.

Conshohocken, PA, 2019.

2013.

2016.

[25] ASTM C618-19. "Standard

[26] ASTM C1017/C1017M-13e1. "Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete." ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,

Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete." ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,

[28] Zatar, Wael, and Tu Nguyen. "Mixture Design Study of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete for Prefabricated Street Light Post Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (2020).

[29] S. Nagataki and H. Fujiwara. "Self-Compacting Property of Highly-Flowable Concrete." ACI Special Publication SP-154, pp. 301-314, 1995.

[30] Barfield, M., & Ghafoori, N. "Air-entrained self-consolidating concrete: A study of admixture sources." Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), 490-496. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. conbuildmat.

2011.06.049.

Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete." ASTM International, West

[27] ASTM C260/C260M-10a. "Standard

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0008-8846(01)00566-X.

[17] Sonebi M, Grünewald S, Walraven J. Filling ability and passing ability of selfconsolidating concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 2007 Mar 1;104(2):162.

[18] Felekoğlu B, Türkel S, Baradan B. Effect of water/cement ratio on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. Building and Environment. 2007 Apr 1;42(4):1795- 802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

[19] Uysal M, Sumer M. Performance

admixtures. Construction and Building materials. 2011 Nov 1;25(11):4112- 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

[20] López A, Tobes JM, Giaccio G, Zerbino R. Advantages of mortar-based design for coloured self-compacting concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2009 Nov 1;31(10):754- 61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cemconcomp.2009.07.005.

[21] Corinaldesi V, Monosi S, Ruello ML. Influence of inorganic pigments' addition on the performance of coloured SCC. Construction and building materials. 2012 May 1;30:289- 93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

[22] Ghalehnovi M, Shamsabadi EA, Khodabakhshian A, Sourmeh F, de Brito J. Self-compacting architectural concrete production using red mud. Construction and Building Materials. 2019 Nov 30;226:418- 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

buildenv.2006.01.012.

of self-compacting concrete containing different mineral

conbuildmat.2011.04.032.

conbuildmat.2011.12.037.

conbuildmat.2019.07.248.

Conshohocken, PA, 2018.

[23] ASTM C150/C150M-18,

"Standard Specification for Portland Cement." ASTM International, West

**100**

**103**

gentrification

**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 7**

**Abstract**

Periphery

*Joaquim Miranda Maloa*

Extensive African Urbanization:

The aim of this article is to analyze African urbanization, looking specifically at the transformations of Mozambican urban peripheries. To do so, conduct a qualitative research of an exploratory nature, using bibliographic, documentary and photographic survey. The most interesting discoveries of this study started in the 1990s, a period marked by the end of "socialism", civil war, centrally planned economy, which verified the opening of parents in the current Western capitalist world in the growth of foreign investments and financial transactions. Under the effect of market liberalization. At this moment, everything that is traded and the exchange value overlaps the use value and appropriation of space in exchange for money. In this context, as the peripheral urban cities are transformed into multiplying duplexes, elegant houses those call houses, true "Mozambican palaces" and closed condoms. The establishment of these houses will transform these spaces and gradually expel the low-income population that has existed for a long time, to places very far from the central area, this phenomenon is called gentrification. He concluded that the transformation of Mozambican urban peripheries is influenced by the increase in real estate capital, increase in individual income, ease of acquisition of space and construction material (provided by the expansion of the installation for the exhibition that makes it possible or cheaper). This research is important because it makes an important contribution to the empirical studies on the new neoliberal urbanism that is taking place in Mozambican cities. The limits of this research are due to the lack of funding to carry out a systematic survey of new ventures that will emerge in cities and places far from the center of large cities, such as: *Maputo*, *Beira, Nampula* and *Matola*. It is intended in the future study to demonstrate how to change the socioeconomic structure of the

The Case of the Mozambican

residents of the Mozambican peripheries, characterizing gentrification.

**Keywords:** extensive urbanization, transformation, urban spaces, periphery,

Three geographic objects, among many others, can illustrate the transformations of the built environment of the Mozambican urban peripheries: the duplexes - highend properties composed of two floors interconnected by stairs [1]; elegant houses, which we call houses, real "Mozambican palaces" and closed condominiums [2]. These urban transformations are influenced by the increase in individual income, ease of acquisition of space and construction material (provided by the expansion
