**4. Conclusion**

Elevated core temperature can be the result of either fever or hyperthermia. Fever is mor common and is typically caused by infections of the respiratory or urinary tracts. Other potential sources of infection include musculoskeletal, cardiac, neurological, and intra-abdominal as well as infection from indwelling medical devices. Treatment of patients with elevated core temperature should begin with fluids, empiric antimicrobials, and source control. If treatment of infection is ineffective or if the presentation is inconsistent with the presence of infection, the differential diagnosis should be expanded to consider conditions that cause hyperthermia as the cause of elevated core temperature. Such sepsis mimics include toxicity from medications and illicit substances, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, thyroid storm, and heat stroke. Identification of these mimics as the source of elevated temperature leads to earlier diagnosis and improved prognosis in these patients.
