**1. Introduction**

Day care surgery is the standard of care for minor surgical procedures in developed countries and rapidly increasing in practice in developing countries. It is a rapidly evolving and widely accepted way of catering health care to the masses [1]. Patients were in the past, customarily admitted to hospital for all but the most trivial of surgical operations and remained until they are self-sufficient, ambulant and their sutures removed Considered obligatory for wound healing, post-operative bed rest up to 21 days was commonly enforced on patients in the past [2].

The main advantages of day surgery are cost control, early patient activity, less pain caused by minimally invasive surgical techniques, early return of patients to the home environment, reduced risk of cross-infection in the hospital, and fewer wage losses due to early return. Under the background of making good use of resources, due to the advancement of anesthesia technology and the development of surgical technology, you can quickly and smoothly resume work [3]. The disadvantage of day care surgery is that it cannot be performed on all patients and all surgical operations, because day care surgery requires high surgical applicability, unexpected readmissions, more operating rooms, and higher skills of health personnel.

Commonly used day care procedures (**Tables 1** and **2**) settings include hydrocele, hernia, varicose veins, varicocele, anal fissure, breast tumor resection, and diagnostic laparoscopic surgery. Hernia is one of the common surgical problems in daily practice in developing countries [1]. It constitutes the majority of waiting cases before surgery in outpatient surgery departments, especially in government hospitals. The postoperative bed occupancy rate of these patients is also very high, making it difficult to rationally use beds in public hospitals In public hospitals, even for important cases such as malignant tumors, the waiting period for intervention is very long.

Day care surgery can shorten the waiting list and help rationalize the cost of surgical treatment. Hence, the demand for day care surgeries in India is increasing. Although its advantages are widely used in developed countries, the rate of use in developing countries is very low. There are many factors that affect the success of day care surgery, such as the financial limitations of developing independent daycare units, inadequate primary health care facilities, and the psychosocial factors of the patients.


#### **Table 1.**

*Types of urgent surgery suitable for day case procedures.*


#### **Table 2.** *Commonly performed day care surgery.*

*Surgical Outpatient Care: Triage, Time and Test DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100170*

The factors associated with the success of outpatient surgery are adequate patient selection, adequate patient information, preoperative evaluation, anesthesia and good postoperative analgesia, patient acceptance, and effective review. The concept of day care surgery helps reduce these problems by facilitating early discharge of patients undergoing minor surgery. This concept has been widely accepted by developed countries because their socio-economic status and medical and healthcare facilities are very good. Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical problems, but because the development of hernia involves complex anatomy and pathology, it still confuses surgeons.
