Meet the editor

Umar Bacha is an associate professor at the School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. He obtained a BSc (Hons) in Biochemistry and an MPhil and Ph.D. in Nutrition. He has published several research papers and authored and co-authored several books. His fields of interest are nutrient and drug interactions with an emphasis on the effect of drugs on nutrient bioavailability and public health

nutrition. Dr. Bacha has several national and international awards to his credit.

Contents

**Section 1**

and Africa

**Section 2**

Management

*and Sally Findley*

*and Anbarasu Kannan*

**Section 4**

**Section 3**

*by Paulo Henrique das Neves Martins Pires*

Healthcare Delivery Systems in Rural Areas

*by Ankeeta Menona Jacob*

*by Chineme Michael Anyaeze*

**Preface XIII**

Health Structure and Facilities in the Rural Community **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Rural Health Care System **19**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 35**

Human Resources for Health Promotion **67**

**Chapter 4 69**

**Chapter 5 93**

Maternal Mortality in Developing Countries: Case Study from Pakistan **109**

**Chapter 6 111**

CRISPR Cas/Exosome Based Diagnostics: Future of Early Cancer Detection

Maternal Mortality in Rural Areas of Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects *by Muhammad Hanif, Siddra Khalid, Akhtar Rasul and Khalid Mahmood*

Reducing Disease Burden in Rural Populations: Case Studies in Europe

Common Genitourinary Fistulas in Rural Practice: Treatment and

Improving Human Resource for Health in Rural Northern Nigeria *by Adetoro A. Adegoke, Godwin Y. Afenyadu, Fatima L. Adamu* 

*by P.P. Mubthasima, Kaumudi Pande, Rajalakshmi Prakash* 

### Contents



**III**

**Section 10**

Russia, Caused by *Opisthorchis felineus*

Risk Factors for Opisthorchis Felineus Infection **263**

**Chapter 14 265**

The World Largest Focus of the Opisthorchiasis in the Ob-Irtysh Basin,

*by Anastasia V. Simakova, Natalya V. Poltoratskaya, Irina B. Babkina, Tatyana N. Poltoratskaya, Alexander V. Shikhin and Tatyana M. Pankina*


Preface

Rural health is the study of healthcare systems in rural settings. This book discusses rural healthcare systems, all-cause mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries, and the latest improvements in the field of rural health care using case studies, research, and comprehensive reviews. The book includes ten chapters that cover such topics as human resources, maternal mortality in developing countries, safety of healthcare workers, zoonotic and veterinary diseases, diagnosis and treatment of diseases like cancer, and many other subjects related to rural health care. The editor wishes to thank all contributing authors who dedicated their time

**Dr. Umar Bacha**

Lahore, Pakistan

School of Health Sciences (SHS),

University of Management and Technology,

and effort to make this book possible.
