**3.2 Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC)**

The abundant availability of adipose tissue, its easy accessibility under local anesthesia, a less painful procedure for the patients, and no adverse effects on animal models treated make this source desirable for the extraction, process, and administration to patients [38, 39]. A study conducted by *Ohta Y. et al.* [40] revealed that the secretion of specific growth factors, cytokines, proteases, immunomodulatory factors, and cellular matrix molecules promotes ADSCs' ability to regenerate neural tissue. However, the lack of full functional recovery results and the gap of knowledge on the description of the pro-regenerative effects are some of the limitations described on the literature on the use of MSCs that needs to be addressed in order to improve outcomes on complete functional recovery in *in vivo* models of SCI [41–43].
