**Appendices and nomenclature**


*Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Colorectal Cancer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94375*

*Colorectal Cancer*

decreasing complications [34].

**3. Conclusions**

among other functions.

**Conflict of interest**

hepatic and peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin.

conventional ink marking [32] and this other by, which is the only one published to date, used indocyanine green as a marker of the tumor [33]. In middle-low rectal cancer local recurrence greatly affects the treatment efficiency and the survival outcomes for patients with rectal cancer. Lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis (LPNM) is an important factor for local recurrence after surgery in patients with middle-low rectal cancer, and approximately 8.6% to 21.0% of patients with rectal cancer have associated LPNM. As one of the effective treatment methods, laparoscopic LPLN dissection (LPND) can significantly reduce the local recurrence rate compared with simple total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery. In clinical applications, LPND is limited by various complications because the ureters and hypogastric nerves might be damaged without efficient guidance, and for this using ICG improve the dissection increasing the numbers of lymph nodes harvested and

There are also publications of its use in various situations, such as in the Japanese article of August 2019 by et al. [35] where this group devised a Kit that they called IRIS U Kit that allows them to transilluminate the urethra and prostate in transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) with the intention of avoiding one of the most feared complications of this technique, which is the injury of the urinary tract. As well as this, there are already published cases of its use, for example, in the transillumination of the ureters in very difficult cases from the surgical point of view, such as big tumors, complicated diverticulitis or pelvic surgery [36]. In 2017, a Belgian Group published a systematic review [37] of the use of green as a guide in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hepatic or peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin. This work concluded that the use of green facilitates the detection and resection of

Anastomotic leaks after colorectal surgery continue to be a serious public health

With regard to standard tests for the prevention of ALs, they continue to be used for the structural evaluation of the anastomosis, but with the knowledge that their efficacy is often insufficient; for this reason the use of fluorescence allows us to evaluate anastomotic perfusion is becoming more and more important every day

In addition, we must remember that the ICG is not only limited to the anastomotic perfusion, new functions begin to emerge, such as its use in tumor marking, lymphadenectomy, location of ureters, urethra, liver and peritoneal metastases,

problem; therefore the use of new therapies could minimize this problem.

and gives us greater surgical safety for the benefit of the patient.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

FDA Food Drug Administration

SEOM Spanish Society of Medical Oncology

**Appendices and nomenclature**

ALS Anastomotic leaks ICG Indocyanine green

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