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## IntechOpen Book Series Biochemistry Volume 22

Pınar Erkekoglu graduated from Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy. Later, she received her MSci and Ph.D. degrees in toxicology. She worked as a Ph.D. student at University Joseph Fourier and CEA/INAC/LAN. She worked as a post-doc and a visiting associate at the MIT Biological Engineering Department. She is now working as a full professor and head of the department in Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical

Toxicology. She is also a board member of Hacettepe Vaccine Institute and the Turkish Pharmacist Association Pharmacy Academia. Her main interests are endocrine-disrupting chemicals, antioxidants, vaccine ingredients, and aromatic amines. She has published more than 170 papers in national and international journals. She is a European Registered Toxicologist (ERT) since 2014.

Júlia Scherer Santos is a pharmacist with a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. She is a specialist in cosmetology and in aesthetic health. She works in the areas of cosmetology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology, beauty, and aesthetics. Dr. Santos also has experience as a professor of graduate courses.

**Editors of Volume 22: Pınar Erkekoglu** Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy Head of Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey

#### **Júlia Scherer Santos**

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil

**Book Series Editor: Miroslav Blumenberg** NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA

### Scope of the Series

Contents

**Section 1**

*and André Rolim Baby*

*and Gennadii Telegeev*

*and Thaís Nogueira Barradas*

Role of Vitamin E in Pregnancy

*and Md. Faheem Haider*

**Preface XI**

Vitamin E Applications in Pathological Conditions **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 61**

**Chapter 5 75**

**Chapter 6 95**

**Chapter 7 117**

Role of Vitamin E in Boosting the Immunity from Neonates to Elderly

*Thangavel Velmurugan, Kattakgounder Govindaraj Sudha and Saheb Ali*

*by Mohd Aftab Siddiqui, Usama Ahmad, Asad Ali, Farogh Ahsan* 

*Podila Naresh, Duraiswamy Basavan and Dhanabal Palanisamy*

Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Enriched Flora in the Management

*by Ramu Govindan, Tilak Meenakshisundaram, Navanita Sivaramakumar,* 

Vitamin E in Human Skin: Functionality and Topical Products

*Tércio Elyan Azevedo Martins, Renata Miliani Martinez, Thamires Batello Freire, Maria Valéria Robles Velasco* 

Vitamin E in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Prevention *by Lyudmyla Shvachko, Michael Zavelevich, Daniil Gluzman* 

Vitamin E and Derivatives in Skin Health Promotion *by Júlia Scherer Santos, Guilherme Diniz Tavares* 

*by Mariyappan Kowsalya, Mohan Prasanna Rajeshkumar,* 

of Calciphytoliths: A Special Focus on Vitamin E

*by Claudineia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto,* 

Pharmaceutical Applications of Vitamin E TPGS *by Adnan Mansour Jasim and Mohammed Jasim Jawad*

Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all of the life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics, to ecology, medicine and population biology. Biochemistry studies macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids –their building blocks, structures, functions and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins and hormones, which play roles in the life process. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting the methods of classical chemistry, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the 'big data' omics systems.

Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying and examining individual components of a biological system; in exemplary words of Efraim Racker, (1913 –1991) "Don't waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes." Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe fully a particular biological system. The 'big data' metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the proteins comprising e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address both the current research on biomolecules, and the emerging trends with great promise.

## Contents

*Dhanabal Palanisamy*



Preface

Vitamin E is a group of fat-soluble antioxidant compounds found in a wide variety of foods. Naturally occurring vitamin E exists in eight chemical forms that have varying levels of biological activity. Good sources of vitamin E include plant oils, nuts and seeds, and cereals and cereal products. Vitamin E deficiency is rare and a balanced diet consisting of different foods ensures that humans get as much vitamin E as their daily needs. Taking high-dose vitamin E supplements is more harmful to human health than beneficial. Much scientific research has been published on vitamin E's potential to promote health, as well as prevent and treat disease. The mechanisms by which vitamin E might provide this protection include its function as an antioxidant and its roles in anti-inflammatory processes, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and immune enhancement. It has been suggested that vitamin E supplementation could be beneficial against coronary artery disease, eye disorders, cognitive decline, and cancer. Moreover, vitamin E is essential for promoting skin health as it is suggested to provide skin-aging reduction, lower the production of pyrimidine dimers, improve melasma, and reduce melanoma progression. This book is mainly focused on vitamin E in health and disease. The readers will receive information on the diverse functions of vitamin E, importance of vitamin E status, and the interaction between vitamin E and several pathological conditions. We believe that readers will gain qualified scientific knowledge and a general overview of the importance of vitamin E in health and different pathological conditions from

**Dr. Pinar Erkekoglu**

Faculty of Pharmacy,

Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

**Júlia Scherer Santos**

Faculty of Pharmacy,

Head of Department of Toxicology,

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,

Federal University of Juiz de Fora,

Professor,

Brazil

this book.
