**6. Conclusions**

**Sr. No**

*Genetic Variation*

sorghum

**Sorghum germplasm Molecular**

18 Set of 1108 sorghum diverse collections Microsatellite

22 A random collection of 44 genotypes of sorghum SPAR - (ISSR,

30 Seven groups of 44 parental lines of sorghum ISSRs, RAPDs,

*Studies on assessment of genetic variations using molecular markers in sorghum.*

14 160 plants of sorghum SSR markers Adugna et al. [61]

19 22 sorghum accessions (landraces) Microsatellites Motlhaodi et al. [65] 20 267 genotypes from Ethiopia SSRs Amelework et al. [33] 21 Two overlapping sets of RILs of sorghum SNPs Sukumaran et al. [35]

23 315 sorghum accessions SNP, SQNM Zhao et al. [34] 24 100 sweet sorghum accessions SNPs Da silva et al. [36] 25 80 sorghum accessions Microsatellites Sifau et al. [67] 26 300 diverse accessions of sorghum SNPs Chopra et al. [68]

29 41 sorghum accessions 22 SSRs Danquah et al. [70] 329 accessions of sorghum germplasm collection SNPs analysis Sakamoto et al. [44]

31 46 accessions of *Sorghum bicolor* RAPD Ruiz-Chutan et al. [71] 32 214 sorghum accessions SNPs Afolayan et al. [72]

35 20 sorghum accessions SSRs Joshi Akansha et al. [74]

39 21 diverse Sorghum accessions SNPs Henderson et al. [53]

34 150 accessions of *Broomcorn Sorghum* SSRs Zhu et al. [73]

13 Three populations of backcross-derived lines of

15 Recombinant Inbred Line of *sorghum bicolor* made

16 Sorghum population derived from a cross between two sorghum landraces, Red Kafir and Takakibi

17 Recombinant sorghum line (hugurtay x N-13

27 93 sweet grain sorghum accessions from Burkina

33 12 *Sorghum bicolor* genotypes (5 sweet, 4 grain and

36 10 *sorghum bicolor* genotypes collected from USA

37 3 RIL mapping populations of sweet sorghum

38 Recombinant Inbred Line derived from a cross between an elite U.S. common parent RTx430 and

28 194 *Sorghum bicolor* and *S. bicolor sudanese*

by crossing E-Tian x Ji2731

(resistance donor)

Faso

genotypes

3 forage sorghums)

(Texas)

genotypes

**Table 7.**

**118**

10 diverse founders

**markers**

SSRs

markers

RAPD, DAMD)

DAMD

PAV markers and

**Reference**

Mocoeur et al. [30]

Salih et al. [64]

Satish et al. [66]

Pandian et al. [48]

EST SSRs Mohamed et al. [60]

SSRs Shehzad et al. [62]

SSRs Yohannes et al. [63]

Microsatellites Sawadogo et al. [43]

SNPs Parra-Londono et al. [69]

RAPDs, ISSRs Kanbar et al. [47]

SSRs Jessup et al. [75]

SNPs Gomez et al. [50]

SNPs Olatoye et al. [49]

Most of the modern cultivated crops exhibit narrow genetic base due to domestication, selection of few desired traits and repeated use of genetically similar varieties as breeding parents. Climate change poses a serious threat to agricultural communities with possible forecast of high temperature, water scarcity and altered pattern of showers round the globe. Climate variations and shift will be a key driver of crop production especially in arid and semi-arid rain fed areas of the world. Such effects will vary among crops depending upon their physiology and climate resilience traits of particular crop. Sorghum is a C4 grass cultivated in diverse regions of the world for variety of uses. It stands tall among other cereal crops owing to inherent biotic/abiotic stress tolerance and wider adaptability. It is among few climate smart crops with potential to withstand future harsh environmental conditions. Hence, development of high yielding sorghum varieties will contribute towards ensuring global food security. Breeders are exploiting high throughout phenotyping platforms as well as omics- assisted variability evaluation of sorghum germplasm to identify/select highly diverse types that will serve as a base line for breeding of broad genetic base sorghum varieties. So, dissecting phenotypic and molecular diversity of sorghum germplasm is strongly justified.

## **Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

### **Author details**

Bushra Sadia<sup>1</sup> \*, Faisal Saeed Awan1 , Fozia Saleem<sup>1</sup> , Javaria Altaf<sup>2</sup> , Abdullah Bin Umar<sup>1</sup> , Muhammad Nadeem<sup>1</sup> , Samra Hameed<sup>1</sup> , Farwa Ashraf<sup>1</sup> and Mariam Nasir<sup>1</sup>

1 Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan

2 Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: bushra.sadia@uaf.edu.pk

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
