**Author details**

*Genetic Variation*

species [24].

**5. Conclusion**

environments.

**Acknowledgements**

(CONICET, Argentina).

**Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

and genetic drift determine genetic diversity levels for neutral alleles. Genetic diversity is the basis for local adaptation and genetic drift could be understood as a threat for biodiversity because of it causes genetic diversity loss in natural populations. Current climate change and fragmentation of natural populations as consequence of anthropic impacts are calling to urgent collective and interdisciplinary actions from researchers. The study of genetic diversity levels is especially important for the management of endangered and valuable species. The focus in conservation biology is the maintenance of genetic diversity because of inbreeding and reduction in reproductive fitness is often associated with loss of genetic diversity [12]. Although the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recognizes the need to conserve genetic diversity as one of three global conservation priorities [23] the genetic factors are not currently considered to assign the conservation status of

The comprehensive quantification of genetic diversity levels demand the estimation of *r* and *He* because of the sensitiveness of both estimators depends on allele multiplicity and frequencies. In this way, the estimation of *r* and *He* is recommended for genetics studies in populations that inhabit disturbed

The authors wish to thank National Council of Scientific and Technical Research

**54**

María Eugenia Barrandeguy1,2\* and María Victoria García1,2

1 Population and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Exact, Chemicals and Natural Sciences, National University of Misiones (FCEQyN – UNaM), Argentina

2 Institute of Subtropical Biology – Posadas Node (UNaM – CONICET), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina

\*Address all correspondence to: ebarran@fceqyn.unam.edu.ar

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
