**7. Conclusion**

Genetic resources commendably provide the basis of genetics solution to solve numerous problems of coffee growing areas throughout the world. The experimental schemes that lead to the introgression of new agronomic traits are known and have previously been validated with large populations. This approach has allowed the combination of several desirable traits in a single coffee cultivar. Also, plant breeders currently can count on the employment of molecular genetics to enhance the competence to introduce the desirable characteristics in the new cultivar. Molecular marker approach in association with morpho-agronomic characterization and diversity study helps to efficiently maintain the germplasm bank and facilitated its use by the breeder. Molecular tools are also useful to detect genetic structure and divergent breeding subpopulation. Application of genomics as a supplementary approach to conventional coffee breeding is highly recommended, improve the productivity of the breeding programme by reducing time to variety development as well as assure selection of desirable traits on the course of the breeding process, this is specifically relevant for the coffee crop that is perennial and has a narrow genetic base. Furthermore, molecular and morphological diversity approach provides nurseries, farmers and the whole coffee industry an opportunity to increase knowledge about the genetic identity of the coffee tree planted or traded.

The highly-regarded line of attack in the coffee sector is the elaboration of a wideranging catalog on existing germplasm collections including the markers profile. In the world, the usage of genetic diversity available in germplasm collections faces two significant problems: limited access to the conserved genetic resources and the deficiencies of genetic evaluation. Anthropogenic disturbances have modified the natural habitats where wild coffee species have spontaneously evolved, and in consequence, much relevant germplasm is in the risk of destruction. So, efforts of the scientific community are essential to design and implement conservation strategies. The ongoing partnership between Latin America and the African countries involved in the conservation and evaluation of coffee genetic resources is a well-intentioned strategy. This network aims to revitalize and advance the research to boost the productivity and cup quality of the coffee.

**73**

**Author details**

Juliano Lino Ferreira1

1 Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Bagé, Brazil

Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil

provided the original work is properly cited.

5 Tropical Melhoramento & Genética, Cambé, Brazil

\*Address all correspondence to: juliano.ferreira@embrapa.br

2 Embrapa Café, Brasília, Brazil

Tesfahun Setotaw4

\*, Eveline Teixeira Caixeta<sup>2</sup>

3 Department of Fundamental Sciences and Agricultural Development,

4 Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

6 Department of Statistics, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

, Gustavo César Sant'Ana<sup>5</sup>

, Fernanda Fatima Caniato3

and Leila Maria Ferreira6

,

*Genetic Diversity of* Coffea arabica

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94744*

### **Conflict of interest**

The authors do not have conflict of interests.

*Genetic Diversity of* Coffea arabica *DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94744*

*Genetic Variation*

seedling stock.

**7. Conclusion**

planted or traded.

**Conflict of interest**

productivity and cup quality of the coffee.

The authors do not have conflict of interests.

as Africa and Asia. The obtained fingerprinting was efficient. Based on this tool, farmers can verify and trust the identity of the cultivars being planted, and coffee roasters can rely on marketing related to the cultivars they are growing and selling. The seed and nursery sector can become more professional and reliable by using this new monitoring tool to establish and verify the genetic purity of the seed and

Currently, SNP markers are using for genome-wide investigation [72, 82, 108]. In an original work of genome-wide association, candidate genes associated with lipids and diterpenes contents in *C. arabica* were identified [108]. This study detects the domestication and breeding process in *C. arabica*, pointing out the switch in allele frequency, revealing high allelic richness in wild accessions. In this regard, the identification of these candidate genes outlining potential targets for improving

Genetic resources commendably provide the basis of genetics solution to solve numerous problems of coffee growing areas throughout the world. The experimental schemes that lead to the introgression of new agronomic traits are known and have previously been validated with large populations. This approach has allowed the combination of several desirable traits in a single coffee cultivar. Also, plant breeders currently can count on the employment of molecular genetics to enhance the competence to introduce the desirable characteristics in the new cultivar. Molecular marker approach in association with morpho-agronomic characterization and diversity study helps to efficiently maintain the germplasm bank and facilitated its use by the breeder. Molecular tools are also useful to detect genetic structure and divergent breeding subpopulation. Application of genomics as a supplementary approach to conventional coffee breeding is highly recommended, improve the productivity of the breeding programme by reducing time to variety development as well as assure selection of desirable traits on the course of the breeding process, this is specifically relevant for the coffee crop that is perennial and has a narrow genetic base. Furthermore, molecular and morphological diversity approach provides nurseries, farmers and the whole coffee industry an opportunity to increase knowledge about the genetic identity of the coffee tree

The highly-regarded line of attack in the coffee sector is the elaboration of a wideranging catalog on existing germplasm collections including the markers profile. In the world, the usage of genetic diversity available in germplasm collections faces two significant problems: limited access to the conserved genetic resources and the deficiencies of genetic evaluation. Anthropogenic disturbances have modified the natural habitats where wild coffee species have spontaneously evolved, and in consequence, much relevant germplasm is in the risk of destruction. So, efforts of the scientific community are essential to design and implement conservation strategies. The ongoing partnership between Latin America and the African countries involved in the conservation and evaluation of coffee genetic resources is a well-intentioned strategy. This network aims to revitalize and advance the research to boost the

beverage cup quality in a coffee breeding programme.

**72**
