Oxidoreductase as a Therapeutic Target

*Oxidoreductase*

cells upregulate

fmj04006x6

CIR.98.18.1842

phrs.2009.10.001

[85] Kalucka J, Bierhansl L, Conchinha NV, Missiaen R, Elia I, Brüning U, et al. Quiescent endothelial

fatty acid β-oxidation for vasculoprotection via redox homeostasis. Cell Metabolism. 2018;**28**(6):881-894.e13. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.016

[86] Kawashima S. Malfunction of vascular control in lifestyle-related diseases: Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase/NO system in atherosclerosis. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2004;**96**(4):411-419. DOI: 10.1254/jphs.

[87] Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM,

[88] Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine: Understanding the physiology, genetics, and clinical relevance of this novel biomarker. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on ADMA. Pharmacological

Research; 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.

[89] Chan JR, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Tangphao O, Tsao PS, Blaschke TF, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine increases mononuclear cell adhesiveness in hypercholesterolemic humans. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2000;**20**(4):1040- 1046. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.20.4.1040

Szuba A, Tsao PS, Chan JR, Tangphao O, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): A novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction - Its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 1998;**98**(18):1842-1847. DOI: 10.1161/01.

**52**

**55**

therapeutic targets, nanoparticles

**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

The Impact of Oxidoreductases-

Related MicroRNAs in Glucose

Carcinoma and Prostate Cancer

*João Alexandre Velho Prior, Ana Luísa Pereira Teixeira* 

The reprogramming of metabolism is one of cancer hallmarks. Glucose's metabolism, as one of the main fuels of cancer cells, has been the focus of several research studies in the oncology field. However, because cancer is a heterogeneous disease, the disruptions in glucose metabolism are highly variable depending of the cancer. In fact, Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and Prostate Cancer (PCa), the most lethal and common urological neoplasia, respectively, show different disruptions in the main pathways of glucose catabolism: glycolysis, lactate fermentation and Krebs Cycle. Oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze electrons transfer from one molecule to another and are present in these three pathways, posing as an opportunity to better understand these catabolic deregulations. Furthermore, nowadays it is recognized that their expression is modulated by microRNAs (miR-NAs), in this book chapter, we selected the known miRNAs that directly target these oxidoreductases and analyzed their deregulation in both cancers. The characterization of these miRNAs opens a new door that could be applied in patients' stratification and therapy monitorization because of their potential as cancer biomarkers. Additionally, their delivery to cancer cells, using glucose capped NPs could help establish new therapeutic strategies that would improve RCC and PCa management.

**Keywords:** oxidoreductases, urological cancers, glucose metabolism, biomarkers,

Cancer is one of the current main public health problems in the world, accounting for, according to GLOBOCAN, approximately 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths, worldwide in 2018 [1]. It arises from genetic and environmental interactions that cause the deregulation of signaling pathways involved in fundamental cellular processes. Being a heterogeneous disease with multiple etiologies, cancer shows different pathological evolutions and treatment approaches [2].

*Mariana Gomes Morais, Francisca Guilherme Carvalho Dias,* 

Metabolism of Renal Cell

*and Rui Manuel de Medeiros Melo Silva*

#### **Chapter 4**
