**1. Introduction**

According to [1], National Park is a conservation area that has different types of flora and fauna that can be relied upon to ensure the survival of human beings in the present and in the future. Refs. [1, 2] indicated that almost of the protected areas face threats and interference in the form of encroachment and illegal cultivation is increasing from time to time. Refs. [1, 3] also stated that the reason of threats and disturbances in the conservation area: (1) because of the institutional role of National Park are still weak in increasing the public participation; (2) the level of

public awareness is still low against the values of environmental conservation; (3) the level of education or knowledge are still low; (4) the lack of agricultural land; and (5) isolated villages around the conservation areas.

Darusman [4] says there are at least four reasons why the public participation is very important in the national park management paradigm: (1) the public participation is an integral part of the National Park ecosystem; (2) public participation is a very large part of the subject and object of development in Indonesia; (3) public participation is a party and has been marginalized by development; and (4) public participation is an enormous strength and significantly either positively or negatively to the presence of the National Park conservation area.

Baluran National Park can be developed: (1) as a tourism activities based on natural resources, organized with following the principles of ecotourism to minimize the impact of tourism activities, (2) encourage the conservation of National Park, (3) stimulate economic growth of local people, and (4) provide experiences and conservation education for tourists.

Forest Conservation Management Benefits are able to (1) improve quality and quantity of timber; (2) reduce soil erosion; (3) improve water quality; (4) provide wildlife habitat; (5) sequester carbon in the soil; (6) increase energy source of biomass; and (7) reduce forest health risk of pests and invasive species [5, 6].

Refs. [5, 6], also gives some recommendations of forest management plan, include the need for a supporting institutional, legal, and policy framework that is not just different but more dynamic, to facilitate resource management adaptation and preparedness in a period of accelerating environmental change.

gaps of resources that need to be filled by additional investment, expand and

*Internal-external/I-E matrix Forest conservation management in the Baluran National Park Using SWOT*

*Forest Conservation Management Using SWOT Analysis and QSPM Matrix (Case Study…*

Koontz and Weihrich [12] state that the design stage is the establishment so many strategic plans of the mission, objectives, policies, procedures, rules, programs, and budgets, where this stage is tiered and hierarchical. The study objectives are analyze and explained by the formulation of priorities strategic of the Baluran National Park (BNP) through Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM).

According to Ref. [13], it is said that the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix

According to Ref. [15] the management system in Baluran National Park separated by three zones (see **Figure 1**). Based on Director general of forest Conservation and Nature Number SK.228/IV- SET/2012 and the date in December, 26, 2012 stated that some zone in Baluran National Park has include for: (1) Zone around 6920.18 Ha (27.68%); (2) Rimba Zone around 12,604.14 Ha; (3) Advantages Zone around 1856.51 Ha (7.43%); (4) Traditional Zone around 1349,21 Ha (5.36%); (5) Zone around 738.19 Ha (2.95%); (6) Security Zone around 1174.96 Ha (4.70%); and

Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) are (1) one of approach for strategic management at the top level to evaluate strategic opportunities; (2) a

(QSPM) has become widely used among strategic management professors and students for two decades. However, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) has not been widely adopted by strategic planning consultants and organi-

zations. Kazem Zare and Sepideh Karimi [14] also said that the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis is a powerful strategic tool for evaluating an organization according to internal and external key factors. David and

David [13] stated that analytical tools are used by the Strength-Weakness-- Opportuniy-Threat (SWOT) Matrix and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix that generate strategies and it can be evaluated by a Quantitative Strategic Planning

also (7) Rehabilitation Zone around 365.81 Ha (1.46%).

upgrade the resource-based organization.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92217*

Matrix (QSPM).

**159**

**Figure 1.**

*Analysis and QSPM Matrix.*

**2. Materials and methods**

According to the State of The World's Forests [7], "Sustainable forest management", "ecologically sustainable forest management", "forest ecosystem management", the "ecosystem approach" to forest management and "systemic forest management" are among the many terms used to describe concepts and practices that incorporate the three pillars of sustainable forest management – economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects – to varying degrees.

Singh et al. [8] state that "strategy intent and strategic mission influenced by external environment consisting of opportunities, threat or constraint, and internal environment such as strengths and weakness. The external environment was developed by external conditions such as economic trends, political or legal environment, socio-culture environment, and global environment, which is affect to the company's performance. "Singh advises to do this study by using the value chain analysis".

Some research conducted by Fries [9] stated that the strategy is influenced by variables organization are consisting of: (1) goals and values; (2) resources and capabilities; (3) structure and system; and (4) environment variable such as (i) competitors; (ii) communities; (iii) customers; (iv) government; (v) industry; (vi) institutions; (vii) interest group; and (viii) media and public.

The research of Singh et al. and Fries [8, 9] that provide a gap to be studied by using a variable internal to the organization concerning with the analysis of the value chain by Michael E Porter [10] and the external variable organization based on a research by Jochen [9].

Feurer [11] stated that there are five stages in the preparation of the strategic plan an institution, such as (1) identification and classification of the organization's resources by identifying strengths and weaknesses; (2) identifying the organizational capabilities regarding what can be done organization for more effective and efficient in the face of competitors; (3) utilize the potential resources and it is ability to manage and achieve an competitive advantage in a sustainable manner and immediately get some results; (4) choose a strategy that using the organization's resources very well and skills, also related to external opportunities; and (5) identify *Forest Conservation Management Using SWOT Analysis and QSPM Matrix (Case Study… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92217*

#### **Figure 1.**

public awareness is still low against the values of environmental conservation; (3) the level of education or knowledge are still low; (4) the lack of agricultural

Darusman [4] says there are at least four reasons why the public participation is very important in the national park management paradigm: (1) the public participation is an integral part of the National Park ecosystem; (2) public participation is a very large part of the subject and object of development in Indonesia; (3) public participation is a party and has been marginalized by development; and (4) public participation is an enormous strength and significantly either positively or nega-

Baluran National Park can be developed: (1) as a tourism activities based on natural resources, organized with following the principles of ecotourism to minimize the impact of tourism activities, (2) encourage the conservation of National Park, (3) stimulate economic growth of local people, and (4) provide experiences

Forest Conservation Management Benefits are able to (1) improve quality and quantity of timber; (2) reduce soil erosion; (3) improve water quality; (4) provide wildlife habitat; (5) sequester carbon in the soil; (6) increase energy source of biomass; and (7) reduce forest health risk of pests and invasive species [5, 6]. Refs. [5, 6], also gives some recommendations of forest management plan, include the need for a supporting institutional, legal, and policy framework that is not just different but more dynamic, to facilitate resource management adaptation

According to the State of The World's Forests [7], "Sustainable forest management", "ecologically sustainable forest management", "forest ecosystem management", the "ecosystem approach" to forest management and "systemic forest management" are among the many terms used to describe concepts and practices that incorporate the three pillars of sustainable forest management – economic,

Singh et al. [8] state that "strategy intent and strategic mission influenced by external environment consisting of opportunities, threat or constraint, and internal environment such as strengths and weakness. The external environment was developed by external conditions such as economic trends, political or legal environment, socio-culture environment, and global environment, which is affect to the company's performance. "Singh advises to do this study by using the value chain

Some research conducted by Fries [9] stated that the strategy is influenced by variables organization are consisting of: (1) goals and values; (2) resources and capabilities; (3) structure and system; and (4) environment variable such as (i) competitors; (ii) communities; (iii) customers; (iv) government; (v) industry;

The research of Singh et al. and Fries [8, 9] that provide a gap to be studied by using a variable internal to the organization concerning with the analysis of the value chain by Michael E Porter [10] and the external variable organization based

Feurer [11] stated that there are five stages in the preparation of the strategic plan an institution, such as (1) identification and classification of the organization's resources by identifying strengths and weaknesses; (2) identifying the organizational capabilities regarding what can be done organization for more effective and efficient in the face of competitors; (3) utilize the potential resources and it is ability to manage and achieve an competitive advantage in a sustainable manner and immediately get some results; (4) choose a strategy that using the organization's resources very well and skills, also related to external opportunities; and (5) identify

land; and (5) isolated villages around the conservation areas.

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

tively to the presence of the National Park conservation area.

and preparedness in a period of accelerating environmental change.

environmental and socio-cultural aspects – to varying degrees.

(vi) institutions; (vii) interest group; and (viii) media and public.

and conservation education for tourists.

analysis".

**158**

on a research by Jochen [9].

*Internal-external/I-E matrix Forest conservation management in the Baluran National Park Using SWOT Analysis and QSPM Matrix.*

gaps of resources that need to be filled by additional investment, expand and upgrade the resource-based organization.

Koontz and Weihrich [12] state that the design stage is the establishment so many strategic plans of the mission, objectives, policies, procedures, rules, programs, and budgets, where this stage is tiered and hierarchical. The study objectives are analyze and explained by the formulation of priorities strategic of the Baluran National Park (BNP) through Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM).

According to Ref. [13], it is said that the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) has become widely used among strategic management professors and students for two decades. However, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) has not been widely adopted by strategic planning consultants and organizations. Kazem Zare and Sepideh Karimi [14] also said that the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis is a powerful strategic tool for evaluating an organization according to internal and external key factors. David and David [13] stated that analytical tools are used by the Strength-Weakness-- Opportuniy-Threat (SWOT) Matrix and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix that generate strategies and it can be evaluated by a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM).

According to Ref. [15] the management system in Baluran National Park separated by three zones (see **Figure 1**). Based on Director general of forest Conservation and Nature Number SK.228/IV- SET/2012 and the date in December, 26, 2012 stated that some zone in Baluran National Park has include for: (1) Zone around 6920.18 Ha (27.68%); (2) Rimba Zone around 12,604.14 Ha; (3) Advantages Zone around 1856.51 Ha (7.43%); (4) Traditional Zone around 1349,21 Ha (5.36%); (5) Zone around 738.19 Ha (2.95%); (6) Security Zone around 1174.96 Ha (4.70%); and also (7) Rehabilitation Zone around 365.81 Ha (1.46%).

#### **2. Materials and methods**

Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) are (1) one of approach for strategic management at the top level to evaluate strategic opportunities; (2) a

method of analysis that compare the activity of suitable alternative strategies; (3) a method of analysis can provide for three (3) stages of strategy formulation framework analysis; (4) is an analytical tool that is able to select the best strategy objectively by using inputs and management techniques with easy computational [16].

**3. Results and discussions**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92217*

**Table 1**.

**3.1 The External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFEM)**

encouraging management programs and development.

academics to conduct a study and research.

**161**

The steps must be carried out by other agencies or managers to implement the strategy of forest management using by analysis Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) within three stages as follows: (1) The first stage for preparing an evaluation matrix external factors (EFE), and internal factor evaluation matrix (EFI), (2) arrange external or internal matrix form (EI), then determines the strategy to be taken. External factors are outside the organization that affect to the successful of forest management, and may be divided into opportunities as the external factors that it can encourage a successful management of BNP, and threats from outside the organization as a factor, it has also been increase the risk of failure to achieve management goals. The matrix evaluation of external factors is influence

*Forest Conservation Management Using SWOT Analysis and QSPM Matrix (Case Study…*

to the management strategy of Baluran National Park (BNP) is presented in

Park (BNP). Fifth opportunities include (1) the existence of global support to conservation of natural resources in developing countries with a wealth of outstanding natural, (2) the communication is getting better and coordinated between the parties, (3) Policies institutional accountable and transparent in the management of budget and resources, (4) Baluran National Park (BNP) lies in the geographical zone that is growing rapidly, (5) the policy of the Ministry of Forestry are

While the six threats faced by manager of Baluran National Park (BNP) are:

Internal weaknesses are internal factors in forest management that affect forest management organization to reach a destination that has been set. The results of the analysis of internal factors indicate nine weakness in forest management, namely: (1) the amount of the area has been disturbed habitat for the invasion of exotic species; (2) disturbance forests increasingly high due to the lack of participation and

(1) the population growth around Baluran National Park (BNP) with space requirements and economic growth (2) the global economic downturn and job availability, (3) Growth of object and tourist attractions around Baluran National Park (BNP) not able to provide incentives and to improve a welfare of the surrounding community, (4) behavior of tourists and residents in the area of BNP uncontrolled, potentially causing damage to forests, (5) the trade of flora and fauna that affect extraction of natural resources of Baluran National Park (BNP), and (6) local government policies that are inconsistent as influenced by economic and political dynamics. The weight and value given to each of the external factor is based on the same criteria as is done in EFE. EFE matrix analysis results showed that the total value is multiplied by the weight to the overall external factor is 3.16. The analysis of the internal factors that influence the forest management indicates that there are seven strengths and nine weaknesses that affect the performance of forest management. Seventh strengths are: (1) biological and nonbiological diversity; (2) sustainability empowerment program with potential ownership of social assets that have the support of various parties; (3) Buffer zone (Bitakol) entrance area as a Baluran National jungle zone; (4) the relationship between Baluran National Park (BNP) with local people are good enough; (5) the relationship and coordination with the local government runs well; (6) training to improve quality of human resources of Baluran National Park (BNP) good, this is indicated partly by the success of the staff who pass the competency of performance; and (7) the wealth of biodiversity is able to attract the attention of the

Note that there are five opportunities and six threats facing by Baluran National

To implement strategy forest conservation management by using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analysis, within three stages as follows: (1) The first stage for preparing an external factors evaluation matrix (EFEM), and internal factor evaluation matrix (IFEM), (2) arrange external or internal matrix, then determines the strategy to be taken.

The sampling method is proportional random sampling and unit analysis is the heads-of-household who are members of the forestry community training center (120 people) and local government and staff of Baluran National Park with 50 people (see **Table 1**).

Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) are (1) one of approach for strategic management at the top level to evaluate strategic opportunities; (2) a method of analysis that compare the activity of suitable alternative strategies; (3) a method of analysis can provide for three stages of strategy formulation framework analysis; (4) is an analytical tool that is able to select the best strategy objectively by using inputs and management techniques with easy computational.


**Table 1.**

*The external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix.*
