**3. Materials and methods**

Wood straw and oak wood char composite type fuel was used as combustion flame test. The fly ash used in the experiments was put into 30 cm dish plate half at *Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

half wit fuel content obtained from the Şırnak inhibitor lightweight filler at fine size at 0.1 mm and the chemical composition of the fly ash and inhibitors are given in **Tables 3** and **4** regarding flaming combustion and adsorption matter [10–13].

Reaction heat adsorption:

$$E = kA \log Kp^{RT} \tag{1}$$

$$\text{Cellulose } \mathsf{C} + \mathsf{O}\_2 \to \mathsf{CO}\_2 \tag{2}$$

$$\text{Cellulose } \mathsf{2C} + \mathsf{O}\_2 \to \mathsf{2CO} \tag{3}$$

The materials of fly ash as inhibitor and popped carbon as shale of Şırnak asphaltite from waste material of Şırnak evaluated in forest fire control as shown in **Table 5**.

In this study, the specific unit weights are given in **Table 6**. Degree of hydrate or carbonate inhibiting ability rates of the filler was determined by evaluating the 3 ton briquetting compression test results (**Table 5**). Combustion weight TGA tests showed higher burning inhibition ability for the Şırnak fly ash and gypsum mixture at 30/70 weight rate so that they gave higher advantageous effect on compaction of road pavement.

In ASTM standards [5], the amount of mixing pine wood and lightweight inhibiting filler rates was taken, however at the amount of wood and porous aggre-


**Table 3.**

**Figure 16** shows the methods used mainly in construction of water pools for both farming and extinguishing of local forest areas. Inhibitor aggregates roads and high amount of fly ash as municipal waste for forest fire management in Turkey. In Eastern Anatolian Region, high amount of inhibitor waste was used for forest fire inhibition over 120,000 tons fine aggregate as gypsum and ash material with Şırnak

*Total amount of municipal waste for forest management in Turkey and Eastern Anatolian Region in fly ash use*

The large specific surface area inhibiting fire flame could be water content and evaporation heat of used in industrial foamed water extinguishing purposes as natural materials. Hydrated liquid absorbents and solid adsorbents generally used fly ash matters of desulfurization unit contained mainly gypsum hydrates. It can be classified as waste *group is one of fly ash minerals or* inhibiting filler for flame and more with foamed matter base with sponged stones and hydrated minerals such as containing 85% montmorillonite, is an aluminum hydrosilicate with a colloidal property. When mixed with water, density of a few solid swelling bentonite is about

Shale clay is calcium in many countries clay is a general name of Al Mg silicate

Wood straw and oak wood char composite type fuel was used as combustion flame test. The fly ash used in the experiments was put into 30 cm dish plate half at

hydrates and the main hydrate content of which montmorillonite can change mainly cation and be defined as clay with Ca;. Attapulgite, 2MgSi8O20 (OH2) 4 (OH) The palygorskite expressed by the formula 4H2O an aqueous magnesium, aluminum Silicate. Sepiolite is 6 Mg 9 Si 12 O 30 (OH) 4 6H 2 O group is aqueous Mg silicate. In these minerals channel-shaped pores water bound to crystal structure with molecules. The shale clays contained in this group is micropore and channels and large surface area over 11% due to the possession of various substances inhibi-

Asphaltite wastes and construction debris.

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

*2.6.1 Hydrate sorption matter*

2.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup>

**106**

**Figure 16.**

*of Şırnak Asphaltite.*

.

tors and high adsorbing capacities.

**3. Materials and methods**

*Kinetic constants used in a-priori modeling, following Bellan's kinetic scheme [6, 10].*


#### **Table 4.**

*A-priori modeling parameters for wood, taken from Ref. [6].*

#### *Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*


**Inhibitor Type Size, mm 25 min 40 min 50 min 60 min Density 1.1 1.2 1.3**

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

Şırnak shale 70%+ 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 Şırnak gypsum 30% 0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

*Şırnak inhibitor material properties and slurries and aggregate time 50% fuel flame weight with standard*

**Inhibitor with fly ash type Size, mm 25 min 40 min 50 min 60 min Density 1.1 1.2 1.3** Şırnak shale + fly ash 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Sırnak marly shale + fly ash 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak gypsum + fly ash 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak shale 50%+ 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Sırnak marly shale 50%+ 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak gypsum 50% 0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak shale 30%+ 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak shale 70%+ 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

*Seyitömer and Sirnak Silopi fly ash chemical compositions and aggregate compliance with standard values*

1 + 0.5 96 1

1 + 0.5 94 0.2

1 + 0.5 94 0.2

**Table 6.**

*values ASTM C6167.*

Şırnak porous limestone +

Şırnak gypsum 50% + fly

Şırnak gypsum 50% + fly

Şırnak porous limestone

Şırnak gypsum 70% + fly

Şırnak gypsum 30% + fly

fly ash

ash

ash

50%+

ash

ash

**Table 7.**

**109**

*ASTM C616.*

1 + 0.5 59 57 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

1 + 0.5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

1 + 0.5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

1 + 0,5 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 73 74 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

#### **Table 5.**

*Seyitömer and Şırnak Silopi fly ash chemical compositions and aggregate compliance with standard values ASTM C616.*



*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

#### **Table 6.**

**Components Şırnak fly ash Şırnak mid ash** SiO2 39.71 20.71 Al2O3 10.53 10.53 Fe2O3 6.62 4.62 S + A + F 68.6 68.6 CaO 16.56 26.56 MgO 3.41 12.41 SO4 3.02 11.02 K2O 2.44 2.44 Na2O 0.55 0.55 Ignition loss 5.74 14.74 Free CaO 4.13 12.13 React. SiO2 21.12 14.12 React. CaO 8.72 2.72

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

*Seyitömer and Şırnak Silopi fly ash chemical compositions and aggregate compliance with standard values*

**Inhibitor Type Size, mm 25 min 40 min 50 min 60 min Density 1.1 1.2 1.3** Şırnak shale 0.15 88 87 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Sırnak marly shale 0.15 78 77 75 80 1.65 36 47 52

Şırnak porous limestone 0.15 75 74 85 70 1.45 36 47 52

Şırnak gypsum 0.15 48 47 72 66 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak shale 50%+ 0.15 58 57 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 Şırnak gypsum 50% 0.5 + 0.15 58 57 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Sırnak marly shale 50%+ 0.15 68 67 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 Şırnak gypsum 50% 0.5 + 0.15 68 67 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak gypsum 50% 0.5 + 0.15 68 67 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

Şırnak shale 30%+ 0.15 59 57 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 Şırnak gypsum 70% 0.5 + 0.15 59 57 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 88 87 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 88 87 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 78 77 75 70 1.65 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 78 77 75 70 165 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 75 74 72 66 1.45 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 75 74 72 66 1.45 36 47 52

0.5 + 0.15 48 47 85 80 1.55 36 47 52 1 + 0.5 48 47 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

1 + 0.5 58 57 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

1 + 0.5 68 67 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

0.15 68 67 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

1 + 0.5 68 67 85 80 1.55 36 47 52

**Table 5.**

*ASTM C616.*

Şırnak porous limestone

50%+

**108**

*Şırnak inhibitor material properties and slurries and aggregate time 50% fuel flame weight with standard values ASTM C6167.*


#### **Table 7.**

*Seyitömer and Sirnak Silopi fly ash chemical compositions and aggregate compliance with standard values ASTM C616.*

gate content, amounts of mixture components used in forest fire extinguishing mixture covers used for this experimentation are given in **Tables 6** and **7**.

## **3.1 Gypsum/desulfurization fly ash**

Gypsum is generally used as construction material: manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, soil conditioning, and a hardening retarder in portland cement. Varieties of gypsum known as "satin spar" and "alabaster" are used for a variety of ornamental purposes; however, their softening and impurity limit their durability (**Table 8**).

The inhibitor compositions of Şırnak location were determined by means of standard methods. The inhibitor materials were ground by vibration milling to 0.1 mm. Inhibitor samples of the Şırnak aggregate rocks from masonary plants


provided in the Mardin, Batman, and Şırnak province in the experiments were given in **Table 9**. The amount of marly shale and porous silty limestone was

*(a) Marly shale, (b) Mardin limestone, (c) porous Hasankeyf limestone, and (d) the Siirt limestone.*

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

**4.1 Flame inhibitor/extinguisher source: gypsum/fly ash/light shale**

ation, and it needs to be able to adapt to existing social, economic, and

Prior to the preparation of the bright section, a liquid yellow epoxy resin was impregnated with the samples in a medium vacuum. This resin penetrates into the pores and makes the pores appear easier under the microscope (**Figure 17**).

Mobile solid waste management included incineration of municipal wastes for thermal energy need and following landfill. However, the fire inhibitor soil production technologies from recycling, composting of waste became one method with other feasible mobile units of humus and agro soil production. In this studied case, the classified waste products were tested for inhibitor construction material, and fire inhibitor soil must be able to be developed for forest management and fire control and be aware that the inhibitor materials and composite products to be obtained from them must be processed by the gypsum or fly ash. These plaster sources widely used in construction and markets are also likely to be sensitive to the quality and quantity of the supply. The distribution of fly ash and biomass wastes in

Mobile waste management is flexible in terms of design, compliance, and oper-

efficient in fire inhibition reducing flame.

**4. Results and discussions**

**Figure 17.**

**111**

Şırnak province is shown in **Table 10**.

#### **Table 8.**

*Physical properties of gypsum of Şırnak.*


#### **Table 9.**

*The chemical analysis of lightweight inhibiting slurry fillers of Şırnak Province, lightweight limestone, marl, and shale.*

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

**Figure 17.** *(a) Marly shale, (b) Mardin limestone, (c) porous Hasankeyf limestone, and (d) the Siirt limestone.*

provided in the Mardin, Batman, and Şırnak province in the experiments were given in **Table 9**. The amount of marly shale and porous silty limestone was efficient in fire inhibition reducing flame.

Prior to the preparation of the bright section, a liquid yellow epoxy resin was impregnated with the samples in a medium vacuum. This resin penetrates into the pores and makes the pores appear easier under the microscope (**Figure 17**).

### **4. Results and discussions**

#### **4.1 Flame inhibitor/extinguisher source: gypsum/fly ash/light shale**

Mobile solid waste management included incineration of municipal wastes for thermal energy need and following landfill. However, the fire inhibitor soil production technologies from recycling, composting of waste became one method with other feasible mobile units of humus and agro soil production. In this studied case, the classified waste products were tested for inhibitor construction material, and fire inhibitor soil must be able to be developed for forest management and fire control and be aware that the inhibitor materials and composite products to be obtained from them must be processed by the gypsum or fly ash. These plaster sources widely used in construction and markets are also likely to be sensitive to the quality and quantity of the supply. The distribution of fly ash and biomass wastes in Şırnak province is shown in **Table 10**.

Mobile waste management is flexible in terms of design, compliance, and operation, and it needs to be able to adapt to existing social, economic, and

gate content, amounts of mixture components used in forest fire extinguishing mixture covers used for this experimentation are given in **Tables 6** and **7**.

Gypsum is generally used as construction material: manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, soil conditioning, and a hardening retarder in portland cement. Varieties of gypsum known as "satin spar" and "alabaster" are used for a variety of ornamental purposes; however, their softening and impurity limit their

The inhibitor compositions of Şırnak location were determined by means of standard methods. The inhibitor materials were ground by vibration milling to 0.1 mm. Inhibitor samples of the Şırnak aggregate rocks from masonary plants

**Chemical classification Hydrous sulfate, CaSO4.2H2O, 98.3%**

Diagnostic properties Cleavage, specific gravity, low hardness Chemical composition Hydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4.2H2O

> **Hasankeyf Limestone**

Uses Used to manufacture dry wall, plaster, and joint compound. An

agricultural soil treatment and fire inhibitor.

SiO2 3.53 5.42 14.14 2.12 38.53 Al2O3 2.23 5.43 4.61 1.71 14.61 Fe2O3 1.59 2.48 334 0.58 7.59 CaO 41.48 34.23 39.18 45.22 19.48 MgO 2.20 12.28 4.68 7.41 3.28 K2O 0.1 1.83 3.12 0.40 2.51 Na2O 0.3 1.24 1.71 0.21 0.35

SO3 0.22 0.31 0.20 0.02 0.32

*The chemical analysis of lightweight inhibiting slurry fillers of Şırnak Province, lightweight limestone, marl,*

**Mardin Limestone**

36.19 24.11 25.43 48.04 13.09

**Şırnak Porous Limestone**

**Marly Shale**

Color Clear, colorless, white

Diaphaneity Transparent to translucent

Luster Vitreous, sugary

Streak White

Cleavage Perfect Mohs hardness 2 Specific gravity 2.3

Crystal system Monoclinic

**Limestone**

*Physical properties of gypsum of Şırnak.*

**Component Siirt**

**Table 8.**

Ignition Loss

**Table 9.**

*and shale.*

**110**

**3.1 Gypsum/desulfurization fly ash**

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

durability (**Table 8**).


share on concern to forest fire target (below 10%) should be management on high risk policy and legislation. The fire legislations reported from bio resources in renewable energy production and electric power for heating comprised separate but integrated objectives. These policies and laws only for biomass separate, but can also include an integrated target. All use of renewable sources in the EU target of achieving 12% market share for the biomass should be increased up to 300%. Regarding forest management at high risk fields in Turkey, appropriate potential control instruments and methods included forest fuel control and distribution to public-private sector and fire extinguishing lorry rods, construction ways, observation stations, aggregate road used in easy transport to high fuel risk zones, flexible loans, low interest loans, property first operating subsidies and/or grants and related service for consumers willing to use discounts as well as other financial support mechanisms. A potential wood market instrument of state was not required

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with…*

to support loans on forest management forever.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

**4.2 Inhibitor soil source as Şırnak asphaltite in Şırnak Province**

the wastes as available fire inhibitor resources (**Figure 18**).

*Emission control with ESF, combustion with Şırnak chalk, limestone, and fly ash at weight rate of 25%, in*

**Figure 18.**

**113**

*Şırnak thermal station.*

The fluidized bed combusting of Şırnak asphaltite is producing 415 MW thermal power plant of CİNER in Silopi for electricity in compliance with the addition of limestone at the weight rate of 25% to the fluidized bed boiler on environmental norms to cut SOx of low quality coal with 46% ash and 7% total sulfur combustion. The high ash of low quality types of coals was unfeasible in combustion systems and energy production facilities. The low quality coals are needed in inhibitor construction material production and mortar materials or pavement in road, and material technology provided also enables the production of liquid and gaseous mixing byproducts of fly ash and flue gas as fire inhibitor [15]. However, agricultural waste materials and humus chemical nature of them require a variety of mixing methods for soil amendments. For this purpose, alternative renewable energy resources need to process them to provide the basic information required in the laboratory and on pilot scale. The methods use feasible process in fire inhibitor materials, waste biomass, and metalized derivative shale chars as fly ash in the local area. So, significant design works for Shale char need to obtain as the char derivatives from

#### **Table 10.**

*Chemical compositions of the studied inhibiting fillers for forest fire extinguishing.*

environmental conditions in the best way possible. Mobile/integrated systems including such waste inhibitor production and solid waste management units provide the flexibility to direct waste to other treatment systems as much feasible and waste sources of inhibitor soils provided even humus source of forest soil by protection natural conditions change (**Figure 1**).

The mobile solid waste inhibitor system should also be planned on a large scale in the regional base. The need for a range of waste disposal options can be envisaged as a reason for the large-scale plan to benefit from the demand and scale economics of recycled materials, compost, or energy at a certain quality and quantity [7–9, 14–17].

Mobile solid waste incineration can be successfully applied in areas with populations less than 500,000, depending on their work in various applications. The combustion system to be applied in this measure is also the amount of waste that depends on the nature and characteristics. The basic operations are mainly as follows:

#### *4.1.1 Şırnak asphaltite: activated shale char/claystone*

The scope of this fire inhibiting material production was filling material based porous solid heat absorption matter, for which the study was aimed metallization Şırnak asphaltite char as soil, fire arrestor source. In order to evaluate Şırnak asphaltite fine and other local limestones and gypsum for fire arrestor instead of construction material. The common burning of matter and metalized resources within the special fire arms is designed and proposed by providing legal and institutional, economic and environmental impact assessment. However, the use of Şırnak asphaltite and biomass source to develop materials against fire and tests of combustion weight change with standard flame and burning tests in laboratory ASTM D1373.

This situation of fire extinguishing matter was considered as metalized char instead of energy sources for better competitive. The fire management materials and safety market was caused additional policy tools needing to emphasize that EU and safety policy and law by environmental concerns drawn from Turkey. According to the potential policy instruments included the country determined the specified safety deviation from the materials fire inhibiting methods and guarantees to domestic targets including sustainable energy sources. The domestic forest potential and fire management regarding gross wood consumption had a certain

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

share on concern to forest fire target (below 10%) should be management on high risk policy and legislation. The fire legislations reported from bio resources in renewable energy production and electric power for heating comprised separate but integrated objectives. These policies and laws only for biomass separate, but can also include an integrated target. All use of renewable sources in the EU target of achieving 12% market share for the biomass should be increased up to 300%. Regarding forest management at high risk fields in Turkey, appropriate potential control instruments and methods included forest fuel control and distribution to public-private sector and fire extinguishing lorry rods, construction ways, observation stations, aggregate road used in easy transport to high fuel risk zones, flexible loans, low interest loans, property first operating subsidies and/or grants and related service for consumers willing to use discounts as well as other financial support mechanisms. A potential wood market instrument of state was not required to support loans on forest management forever.

### **4.2 Inhibitor soil source as Şırnak asphaltite in Şırnak Province**

The fluidized bed combusting of Şırnak asphaltite is producing 415 MW thermal power plant of CİNER in Silopi for electricity in compliance with the addition of limestone at the weight rate of 25% to the fluidized bed boiler on environmental norms to cut SOx of low quality coal with 46% ash and 7% total sulfur combustion. The high ash of low quality types of coals was unfeasible in combustion systems and energy production facilities. The low quality coals are needed in inhibitor construction material production and mortar materials or pavement in road, and material technology provided also enables the production of liquid and gaseous mixing byproducts of fly ash and flue gas as fire inhibitor [15]. However, agricultural waste materials and humus chemical nature of them require a variety of mixing methods for soil amendments. For this purpose, alternative renewable energy resources need to process them to provide the basic information required in the laboratory and on pilot scale. The methods use feasible process in fire inhibitor materials, waste biomass, and metalized derivative shale chars as fly ash in the local area. So, significant design works for Shale char need to obtain as the char derivatives from the wastes as available fire inhibitor resources (**Figure 18**).

#### **Figure 18.**

*Emission control with ESF, combustion with Şırnak chalk, limestone, and fly ash at weight rate of 25%, in Şırnak thermal station.*

environmental conditions in the best way possible. Mobile/integrated systems including such waste inhibitor production and solid waste management units provide the flexibility to direct waste to other treatment systems as much feasible and waste sources of inhibitor soils provided even humus source of forest soil by

*Chemical compositions of the studied inhibiting fillers for forest fire extinguishing.*

**Component% Şırnak Gypsum Şırnak fly ash** SiO2 1.44 21.48 Al2O3 1.12 13.10 Fe2O3 0.51 7.52 CaO 34.41 18.48 MgO 0.08 4.20 K2O 0.10 2.61 Na2O 0.05 1.95 Ignition loss 21.9 1.92 SO3 26.22 0.32

The mobile solid waste inhibitor system should also be planned on a large scale in the regional base. The need for a range of waste disposal options can be envisaged as a reason for the large-scale plan to benefit from the demand and scale economics of recycled materials, compost, or energy at a certain quality and quantity [7–9, 14–17]. Mobile solid waste incineration can be successfully applied in areas with populations less than 500,000, depending on their work in various applications. The combustion system to be applied in this measure is also the amount of waste that depends on the nature and characteristics. The basic operations are mainly as

The scope of this fire inhibiting material production was filling material based porous solid heat absorption matter, for which the study was aimed metallization Şırnak asphaltite char as soil, fire arrestor source. In order to evaluate Şırnak asphaltite fine and other local limestones and gypsum for fire arrestor instead of construction material. The common burning of matter and metalized resources within the special fire arms is designed and proposed by providing legal and institutional, economic and environmental impact assessment. However, the use of Şırnak asphaltite and biomass source to develop materials against fire and tests of combustion weight change with standard flame and burning tests in laboratory

This situation of fire extinguishing matter was considered as metalized char instead of energy sources for better competitive. The fire management materials and safety market was caused additional policy tools needing to emphasize that EU

According to the potential policy instruments included the country determined the specified safety deviation from the materials fire inhibiting methods and guarantees to domestic targets including sustainable energy sources. The domestic forest potential and fire management regarding gross wood consumption had a certain

and safety policy and law by environmental concerns drawn from Turkey.

protection natural conditions change (**Figure 1**).

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

*4.1.1 Şırnak asphaltite: activated shale char/claystone*

follows:

**Table 10.**

ASTM D1373.

**112**

## **4.3 Fire inhibitor granule/sand/soil: mobile unit for waste carbonization-metalized char carbonization in Şirnak**

In this study, porous limestone and porous anhydrite metalized stone absorbed the bubbled balls with microwave melted recycling anhydrite metalized powders covering the surface to avoid combustion. In this investigation, the recrystallized gypsum and powdered limestone were reroasted in microwave to melt anhydrite with the porous cores and basalt granules and even the bubbling of anhydrite metalized granules. The products finished was used for fire arrestor powder and soil, absorbing heat of fire which were determined as metalized coal carbon rich forest soil were investigated for arrestor on floor test and deterioration of soil and heat sorption were calculated, respectively. For this purpose, heat resistance, heat sorption, and soil combustion experiments were conducted. As defined, the test results were conducted by comparing metal powders with high heat. The production flow sheet and process advantageous parameters using recycling coal shale and anhydrite gypsum microwave processing parameters were defined. To recrystallize anhydrite metalized carbon limestone, the composite balls of marls having the relation between composite rock formation and discontinuity at production have been established.

anhydrite only 10% metalized coal carbon soil pellet and slaked pores expanded in microwave treatment. The metalized carbonization weight ratio was varied to 750°C,

Porous compost production by char was managed in pilot systems using retort combustion systems that are adaptable to flexible and variable fuels in need of low quality fuel. In real applications, char waste fuel qualities were not be fully metalized in a variety of fluid and grate combustion systems. However, environmental effects were reduced due to semi-burning. Burning biowaste or Şırnak asphaltite slime in the fluidized bed manufactured by ALFA Company, combustion and energy production were developed within the scope of char and combustion wastes to char [6, 18, 19]. Char production systems in the integrated solid waste management can provide energetic energy production with biogas plant. The combustion inhibition or flame inhibitor porous char granules occurred on the coarse sized

and waste carbon samples were analyzed for heat hold-up by burning.

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with…*

material is shown in **Figure 16** and flame model in **Figures 20** and **21**. Mobile plant carbonization system with the following design produces

• classification of biological wastes and drying and storage in pools;

Integrated solid waste incineration is evaluated as more advantageous in some countries. Mobile systems, however, provide economic benefits in the areas of low population density in our country and in cities. The separation of metals from scrap or recycling from household waste has often been an expensive cost step. However,

integrated energy with the biogas plant (**Figure 2**):

• separation of metal waste and pet wastes;

• biogas anaerobic conversion of bio wastes;

*Integrated fluidized bed biogas and solid waste incineration.*

• mobile combustion; and

• energy production.

**Figure 20.**

**115**

**4.4 Microwave radiated metallized sponge char production**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

In the tests, the Şırnak asphaltite sample was used as shown in **Figure 19**, and the reduction of the coal samples was shown in melt anhydrite fractions. The chemical melt anhydrite temperature was continuously weighed, and the metalized carbonization analysis was carried out in the bath microwave oven. The test results are shown in **Figure 3** for biomass pellets and coal sample. As shown in the figure, the effect of addition is determined in combustion experiments, the heat absorption as hydrated/dehydrated gypsum, the reactor temperature was 500°C and metalized

**Figure 19.** *TGA weight decrease during experimental flame combustion.*

anhydrite only 10% metalized coal carbon soil pellet and slaked pores expanded in microwave treatment. The metalized carbonization weight ratio was varied to 750°C, and waste carbon samples were analyzed for heat hold-up by burning.
