**4. Sustainable management in** *Camellia oleifera* **plantations**

Our previous incubation study found that although biochar application increased N2O emissions, DCD addition decreased soil N2O emissions under urea fertilization from *C. oleifera* field [88]. Our field study showed that N2O emission rates were inhibited by biochar or DCD application and the effects of biochar application on mitigation of cumulative N2O were comparable to DCD addition in *C. oleifera* plantations [1]. Compared with control treatment, available N (NH4 + -N and NO3 <sup>−</sup>-N) was not affected by NH4NO3, NH4NO3 + DCD, or NH4NO3 + biochar treatment [1]. In addition, the seed yield of *C. oleifera* was higher in NH4NO3 or NH4NO3 + biochar treatment than that in control or NH4NO3 + DCD treatment (**Figure 3**). Soil amelioration is necessary and improves N use efficiency and pH, mitigating N2O emissions. Soil amelioration plays an important role in the sustainable management of oil safety in *C. oleifera* plantations.

**Figure 3.**

*The seed yield of* Camellia oleifera *with nitrogen fertilization, in combination with nitrification inhibitor (DCD) or biochar. Bars connected by different letters indicate significant difference in post-hoc tests at α = 0.05 (means ± se).*

## **5. Conclusions**

Soil acidification, especially induced by N fertilization, will inhibit the activity of N2O reductase and increase the abundance of N2O-producing fungi as well as the acid resistance of N2O-producing microorganisms, hence the ratio of N2O/ (N2O + N2). In addition, NO2 <sup>−</sup> will generate NO under soil pH < 5.5 condition, which will further transform into N2O. Under the background of global acidification, the soil from *C. oleifera* forest also suffers the potential risks of soil acidification and N2O emissions. Mitigation of soil acidification and N2O emissions by soil amelioration is necessary and improves N use efficiency and soil pH from *C. oleifera* plantations. Soil amelioration such as biochar and nitrification inhibitor plays an important role in sustainable forest management in *C. oleifera* plantations.

## **Acknowledgements**

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 41967017 and 41501317), Jiangxi and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant number: 2017M106153 and 2017KY18), and Jiangxi Education Department (Project Number: GJJ160348) support this work.

**13**

**Author details**

Nanchang, China

Bangliang Deng\* and Ling Zhang

provided the original work is properly cited.

Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: bangliangdeng@gmail.com

*Nitrogen Cycling and Soil Amelioration in* Camellia oleifera *Plantations*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92415*

### **Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*Nitrogen Cycling and Soil Amelioration in* Camellia oleifera *Plantations DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92415*

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

Soil acidification, especially induced by N fertilization, will inhibit the activity of N2O reductase and increase the abundance of N2O-producing fungi as well as the acid resistance of N2O-producing microorganisms, hence the ratio of N2O/

*The seed yield of* Camellia oleifera *with nitrogen fertilization, in combination with nitrification inhibitor (DCD) or biochar. Bars connected by different letters indicate significant difference in post-hoc tests at α = 0.05* 

which will further transform into N2O. Under the background of global acidification, the soil from *C. oleifera* forest also suffers the potential risks of soil acidification and N2O emissions. Mitigation of soil acidification and N2O emissions by soil amelioration is necessary and improves N use efficiency and soil pH from *C. oleifera* plantations. Soil amelioration such as biochar and nitrification inhibitor plays an important role in sustainable forest management in *C. oleifera* plantations.

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 41967017 and 41501317), Jiangxi and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant number: 2017M106153 and 2017KY18), and Jiangxi Education Department (Project Number:

<sup>−</sup> will generate NO under soil pH < 5.5 condition,

**5. Conclusions**

**Figure 3.**

*(means ± se).*

(N2O + N2). In addition, NO2

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

GJJ160348) support this work.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**12**
