**2. Forest fire management**

#### **2.1 Forest fires**

**Keywords:** microwave, metalized anhydrite-porous rock, composite balls,

In order to protect the environment with rich bioresources for life, the nature needs to take real precautions and humans should reduce the source of greenhouse gases. The wild bushes, forests, and nature are highly needed for human life with increasing population. The energy consumption needs alternative clean and renewable energy sources. The bushes and forest fires have become important research topics in order to take precautions on time in this century. This mobile production of the fire inhibitor unit project was critical in forest soil mixture of biomass-based waste and garbage and clean, renewable, and sustainable alternative inhibitor source. The consumption of natural resources in inhibitor production is increasing par-

allel to the construction materials for inhibiting fire at house needs today. The production of low-thermal-value waste bio carbon resources is limited in terms of quantities. It enables the evaluation of biotechnological byproducts related to waste management over food processing technology with advanced technological incineration systems. Environmental norms allow the production of the necessary waste

fuels such as waste oil as fuel, that is, compatible with biogas production,

biopyrolysis or gasification became the high-cost benefaction. In Turkey, the forest fire and the filler production form bioresources rather attracted so critical significance on even less intensive areas of Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia region, especially in the low populated steep mountains and high plateaus such as the provinces of Şırnak, Hakkari, and the surrounding steep mountains forest areas, the production of bio resources for production forest fire inhibitor soils and humus soils from waste bio resources for cleaner nature and renewable bio energy production by means of mobile units using incineration or pyrolysis method will provide the development of the South-East Anatolian region and also the industrial devel-

Flexible and regional targets for a mobile solid waste incineration from an

• The 3 ton/hour mobile plant where the waste sorting process is performed for inhibitor soil, and material production resources were processed to acquire

> **Country, actual million ton/year**

**Eastern Anatolian region, actual 1000 tons/year**

earthquake wave sorption, bulk elastic behavior

*Advances in Forest Management under Global Change*

opment and diversification will increase [1–5].

environmental and economic perspective are:

secondary materials to be evaluated.

**Table 1.**

**96**

**Waste type Waste statistics**

**Heat value, kJ/kg**

Textile, rubber, plastics 18,200 0.6 2.1 Wood, cardboard, paper 17,600 2.4 1.6 Organic municipal waste 13,500 2.2 29 Animal waste 13,500 1.9 21 Forestry and agricultural biomass 18,500 2.8 63 Total 18,000 9.9 116.7

*Total amount of municipal waste divided into actual values in Turkey and Eastern Anatolian Region in 2012.*

**1. Introduction**

The rainforests in Amazon still burned many years at a record rate: Brazil experienced more than 76,000 fires in 2019, whereas the total was about 40,000 in 2018. About 10,000 of this year's fires shown in **Figure 1** resulted in catastrophic devastation of fire smoke caused by harsh weather conditions. **Figure 1** shows every fire that unwillingly flamed in central South America since August 2019.

In Amazon, most of the fires were started by farmers and loggers and caused by human facts for industrial or agricultural purposes. However, forest fire caused harsh climate change, which increased flaming and widening fire devastation.

There were more than 76,000 fires in Brazil so far this year, but the issue has not changed any human urbanization, and other parts of South America were burning too.

Global Forest Watch, an organization sponsored by the World Resources Institute, monitors forests and tracks fires using satellite data. The group reported more than 109,000 fire alerts in Brazil between August 13, 2019, but the map of current blazes shows fires in many other regions as well, as shown in **Figure 1**. So far this year, Brazil's neighbor, Bolivia, has experienced more than 17,400 fires. Paraguay, to the south, has had just fewer than 10,000, and Colombia, to the north, 14,000. Venezuela had experienced the second-highest number of fires of 26,500 in 2019: that was one-third of Brazil's forest fire totally.

Australia had one of the most fires on earth, and bushfires form part of the natural cycle of its landscapes. However, the dry weather and high summer

**Figure 2.** *Maximum temperature deciles.*

temperature factors such as high climate risk trends, weather patterns, and vegetation management by humans may not contribute to the intensity of hard seasons as seen in **Figure 2**, and the most destructive fires in Australian history preceded by extreme high temperatures, low relative humidity, and strong winds on last November 2019, which combine to create ideal conditions for the rapid spread of fire. Forest experts and land management accepted that severely below average fuel moisture attributed to record-breaking temperatures and drought, accompanied by severe fire weather, is the primary cause of the 2019 Australian bushfire. The devastating flames were likely to have been exacerbated by long-term trends of warmer and dryer weather over the Australian land mass. Nonetheless, the political nature of many of the crisis and its associated issues has also resulted in the circulation of large amounts of disinformation regarding the causes of the fire activity, to the neglect of credible scientific research, expert opinion, and previous government inquiries, as shown in **Figures 3**–**5**. The precautious methods were prepared regarding forest land urban interface mapping, showing fire fuel risk and temperature risk on mapping as in **Figure 5**.

vegetation community in the landscape, simultaneously integrating the required

GPS and phone to phone was always provided safe control on internet connection, a touch-screen, and a camera remote control improved extinguishing period

Fire fight commander and team led by the fire extinguishing method following discussion with expert field operators reported a major concern about the visibility on the screen of such weather tools emergency station stage for an observation cam

attributes for running complex fire simulation in the background.

*Gypsum/Desulfurization Fly Ash/Activated Shale Char/Claystone of Şırnak with…*

following the stages shown in **Figure 6**.

*Forest fires on the Amazon region in Global Forest Watch map.*

*Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), Spring 2019.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92592*

**Figure 4.**

**Figure 5.**

**Figure 6.**

**99**

device and available in a field operating car.

*Fire fight commander and team over the fire reports and weather conditions.*
