*8.2.2 Uvalde*

In 2007 or 2008 no differences in sesame yield was noted between the untreated check and any herbicide treatment (**Table 3**). In 2008, glyphosate at 0.84 kg ae ha<sup>1</sup> applied POST PM did result in greater yield than glyphosate at either rate applied PRE PM or diquat-dibromide at both rates applied POST PM.

probably be a shorter cutting window before there is substantial yield loss by

**Glufosinateammonium (GLU)**

*Effects of Harvest Aids on Sesame (*Sesamum indicum *L.) Drydown and Maturity*

Accelerate drydown DIQ > GLU > GLY > CAR No

probably yes

Stopping regrowth Yes Not tested No Stopping vivipary Yes Not tested No

Yes Not tested,

**Carfentrazoneethyl (CAR)**

GLY > GLU > CAR No No

Yes Yes Not sure Yes No

Needs to be tested

**Diquatdibromide (DIQ)**

No No

**Untreated (UNT)**

These studies led to the US EPA approval of glyphosate as a harvest aid. As a result, glyphosate has been used as a harvest aid on hundreds of thousands of hectares in the last 10 years. Past experience plus these experiments provide an idea of how these herbicides satisfy the requirements for harvest aids for sesame (**Table 5**).

*There is an exception with herbicide tolerant weeds. There are also some weeds that are killed more effectively by*

The use of herbicides in sesame did accelerate drydown although this did not always result in an increase in yield over the untreated check. However, there was no weather event such as rain, fog, dews, or strong winds during the experiment which would have an impact on the results. Diquat-dibromide and glufosinateammonium dried the sesame faster than glyphosate and carfentrazone-ethyl. With all herbicides, the higher rate dried the sesame down faster.

Efforts should be continued to try to persuade manufacturers to support for

registration of diquat-dibromide and glufosinate-ammonium. Even though carfentrazone-ethyl is not as effective as glyphosate, with the present legal battles with glyphosate as a carcinogen, efforts should be made to register carfentrazoneethyl. Stopping regrowth and vivipary is not an experiment that can be set up because they do not occur in most of the fields or nurseries. However, when a field is found with regrowth and/or vivipary, glufosinate-ammonium, carfentrazoneethyl, and diquat-dibromide should be tested and glyphosate should be added for

Sesaco Corporation provided funding for this research.

There is no conflict of interest with any of the authors.

cutting early as opposed to a phenotype with many branches.

**Glyphosate (GLY)**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91011*

**10. Conclusions**

**Reasons for harvest**

Burn-down green weeds<sup>a</sup>

Evening up a field with varying levels of drydown

Preparing to plant a new crop

*one herbicide, e.g.* Ipomoea *spp. with carfentrazone-ethyl.*

*Performance of herbicides on sesame harvest aids requirements.*

**aid**

*a*

**Table 5.**

comparison purposes.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

**227**
