**Part 3**

**Malaria Parasite Research** 

70 Malaria Parasites

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**5** 

Hiroko Asahi

*Japan* 

*Department of Parasitology,* 

*National Institute of Infectious Diseases,* 

**Intraerythrocytic** *Plasmodium falciparum*

**an Emphasis on Growth-Promoting Factors** 

Malaria remains a devastating disease, particularly in the tropics. The annual incidence of malaria worldwide is estimated to be between 294 and 500 million clinical cases, while estimates of annual mortality from malaria, caused largely by the protozoan *Plasmodium falciparum*, range from 0.97 to 2.7 million worldwide (World Malaria Report 20101, World Health Organization; Snow et al., 2005). The emergence of resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs and insecticides means that new chemotherapeutic approaches with alternative targets are needed (Ridley, 2002). Better understandings of antimalarial drugs and the biology of the parasites are needed to allow the development of new

A review of the impact of continuous cultures of *P. falciparum* underscores their significant contributions to malaria research (Trager & Jensen, 1997). The mechanisms responsible for the growth of the parasite, however, remain largely unknown. Culture media for *P. falciparum* require human serum, a growth-promoting fraction derived from adult bovine plasma (GFS), or lipid-enriched bovine albumin (Asahi & Kanazawa, 1994; Asahi et al., 1996; Cranmer et al. 1997; Jensen, 1979). Elucidation of the factors able to induce the growth of *P. falciparum* could be of help, not only for successful culture of the parasite, but also for providing critical clues to understanding the biology of parasite proliferation during the

In order to identify the factors controlling parasite development, and the effects of growthpromoting factors on the parasite, we initially investigated growth-promoting substances to formulate a chemically defined culture medium (CDM) suitable for sustaining the complete development and intraerythrocytic growth of *P. falciparum*. We also developed a simple and sensitive flow-cytometry-based assay for following each developmental stage of the parasite's erythrocytic growth. The distinct roles of the growth-promoting factors in the

**1. Introduction** 

medications.

erythrocytic phase.

growth of *P. falciparum* were then investigated.

1http://www.who.int/malaria/world\_malaria\_report\_2010/en/index.htm

**Growth in Serum-Free Medium with** 
