**14. Biological refuges**

Macrophages containing merozoites dispersed on their cytoplasm. Called 'merophores', were observed in *P. vinkei petteri*- an organism that causes murine malaria. Similar merophores were found in the polymorph leukocytes and macrophages of other murine malaria parasite, *P. yoelii nigeriensis* and *P. chabudi chaaudi.* All these species unlike *P. falciparum* are known to produce hyponozoites that may cause a relapse. The finding of Landau *et al.* on the presence of malaria parasites inside lymphatics suggest a mechanism for the recrudescence and chronicity of malaria infections.[29,30,]
