**3. Raw milk materials**

Raw materials for fermented milk are milked from different ruminants or other not only limited from cows, buffalo, sheep and goats, but also from mares as well as camel milk [1–3]. The composition of raw milk materials is in **Table 1**. Milk from Buffalo, Sheep and Yak rich in Fat contents, leads to high total solids while, Mare's milk rich in lactose as Breast milk, considered as the 1st choice to replace or to complete breastfeeding. Soymilk composition contains CP 4.5, Carbohydrate 10.0, Fat 4.3, ash 0.66 and Moisture 80.34%, respectively [6].

Type of fermentation in lactic acid bacteria used are homo- or heterofermentation using the main products of lactic acid for homo-fermentation bacteria or lactic acid, acetic acid, and CO2 for hetero fermentation. The isomers of lactate are L-lactate, D-Lactate or DL-Lactate as in **Table 2** [2]. Isomer L-lactate

