**4. Conclusion**

Fermentation is a beneficial process in the field or study of agriculture. It is of great importance in animal and plant nutrition systems. In animal nutrition, the process is basically anaerobic and requires a process called rumen manipulation to enhance better productivity of ruminant animals. However, fermentative processes can either occur aerobically or anaerobically in soil systems resulting in the release of nutrients for the enhanced productivity of crop-plants. Hence, fermentative process involves the transformation of raw materials (organic or inorganic substrates), whether aerobically or anaerobically, to other valuable products through the activities of microorganisms. This implies that fermentation could occur either in aerobic (presence of oxygen) or anaerobic (absence of oxygen) conditions.
