**11. Maintenance of glycoprotein content**

Glycoproteins are carbohydrate-containing proteins found on the cell membrane. They play important roles in membrane transport, cell differentiation and recognition, adhesion of macromolecules to cell surface and also in the secretion and absorption of macromolecules [52]. Impaired metabolism of glycoproteins contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes [53]. Studies have reported that alterations in concentrations of various glycoproteins contribute to human diabetes [54]. Elevated levels of glycoproteins in diabetic condition could be a consequence of impaired carbohydrate metabolism [55]. Chandramohan *et al*. reported that kaempferol reversed elevated level of hexoses, hexosamines, fucose and sialic acid (glycoprotein componets) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which may be due to the activation of glucose transport mechanism and also alters insulin binding receptor specificity [56].
