**Author details**

Ibitoye Oluwayemisi Beatrice1 \*, Ajiboye Taofeek Olakunle2 , Abdulazeez Azeemat Titilola3 , Oyegoke Rukayat Abiodun4 , Muritala Hamdalat Folake4 and Abubakar Fatimah Aluko4

1 Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria

2 Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

3 Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

\*Address all correspondence to: inestimableyemi@gmail.com

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**19**

3577-3581.

*Antidiabetic Principle in* Cucumis sativus *L. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96393*

[1] Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G., & Shaw, J. (2001). Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature, 414,

[9] Saely, C. H., Aczel, S., Marte, T., Langer, P., & Drexel, H. (2004). Cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus depend on the coronary angiographic state rather than on the diabetic state. Diabetologia, 47,

[10] Wallace, C., Reiber, G. E., LeMaster, J., Smith, D. G., Sullivan, K., Hayes, S., & Vath, C. (2002). Incidence of falls, risk factors for falls, and fallrelated fractures in individuals with diabetes and a prior foot ulcer. Diabetes Care, 25,

[11] Ajiboye, T. O., Uwazie, J., Haliru, F., Ibitoye, O., & Sunmonu, T. O. (2017). Mechanisms of action of columbamine, jatrorrhizine and magnoflorine as antidiabetic agents. In J. N. Govil (Ed.), Recent progress in medicinal plant (Vol. 45, pp. 221-232). USA: Studium

[12] Antidiabetic drugs. https:// www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/ antidiabetic\_drugs Updated: October 5, 2020. Accessed: November 22, 2020.

[13] Marles, R. J., & Farnsworth, N. R. (1995). Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 2: 137-189.

[14] Sharma, N., & Garg, V. (2009). Antidiabetic and antioxidant

potential of ethanolic extract of *Butea monosperma* leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 46: 99-105.

[15] Sun, H., Fang, W., Wang, W., & Hu, C. (2006). Structure-activity relationships of oleanane- and ursanetype triterpenoids. Botanical Studies,

[16] Saidu, A. N., Oibiokpa, F. I. & Olukotun, I. O. (2014). Phytochemical

145-146.

1983-1986.

Press LLC.

47: 339-368.

Federation Diabetes Atlas Ninth edition

[3] American Diabetes Association, The cost of Diabetes https://www.diabetes. org/resources/statistics/cost-diabetes Updated 02/2020. Accessed January

[4] Ozcan, U., Cao, Q., Yilmaz, E., Lee, A.-H., Iwakoshi, N. N., Ozdelen, E., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2004). Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science,

[5] Poitout, V., & Robertson, R. P. (2008). Glucolipotoxicity: Fuel excess and cell dysfunction. Endocrine

[6] Hove, M. N., Kristensen, J. K., Lauritzen, T., & Bek, T. (2004). The prevalence of retinopathy in an unselected population of type 2 diabetes patients from Arhus County, Denmark. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica*,*

[7] Moran, A., Palmas, W., Field, L., Bhattarai, J., Schwartz, J. E., Weinstock, R. S., & Shea, S. (2004). Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is associated with microalbuminuria in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care*,* 27,

[8] Huang, C., Kim, Y., Caramori, M. L., Fish, A. J., Rich, S. S., Miller, M. E., & Mauer, M. (2002). Cellular basis of diabetic nephropathy: II. The transforming growth factor-beta system and diabetic nephropathy lesions in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 51,

Reviews, 29(3), 351-366.

[2] The International Diabetes

2019. Diabetes facts & figures

782-787.

**References**

12, 2021.

306, 457-461

82, 443-448.

972-977.

*Antidiabetic Principle in* Cucumis sativus *L. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96393*
