*1.1.1.4 Biological control*

Srinivasan [11] reported *Opius fletcheri* Silv. to be a dominant parasitoid of *B. cucurbitae.* The parasitization of *B. cucurbitae* by *O. flatcheri* has been reported to vary from 0.2 to 1.9% in *M. charantia* [12]. In the IPM program of *B. cucurbitae* at Hawaii, a new parasitoid, *Fopius arisanus* has been included [13]. A nematode, *Steinernema carpocapsae* Weiser *(Neoaplectana carpocapsae),* has been found to cause 0–86% mortality to melon fruit fly after 6 days exposure [14]. The culture filtrate of the fungus, *Rhizoctonia solani* Kuhn, act as an effective bio-agent against maggots [15], and the fungus*, Gliocladium virens* Origen, has been found to be an effective against adult flies [16]. Oviposition and development of *B. cucurbitae* adversely affected by culture filtrates of the fungi *R. solani, Trichoderma viridae* Pers., and *G. virens* [17].
