Economic Values and Pharmacological Potentials

*Cucumber Economic Values and Its Cultivation and Breeding*

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**10**

1777-1790.

**13**

**Chapter 2**

**Abstract**

activity of *C. sativus.*

**1. Introduction**

activity [11].

Antidiabetic Principle in

**Keywords:** diabetes, *Cucumis sativus*, flavonoids, kaempferol

Diabetes caused 4.2 million deaths in 2019 [2].

cardiovascular complications [9], and ulcerations [10].

*Ibitoye Oluwayemisi Beatrice, Ajiboye Taofeek Olakunle,* 

*Abdulazeez Azeemat Titilola, Oyegoke Rukayat Abiodun,* 

*Muritala Hamdalat Folake and Abubakar Fatimah Aluko*

Diabetes is one of the leading cause of death globally. One of the strategies towards managing diabetes is the antidiabetic drugs which has recorded a huge success but accompanied with different degrees of side effect, hence, the use of natural plants products is encouraged. Several reports of antidiabetic medicinal plants have flooded literature but few has led to identification of active ingredient in such. *Cucumis sativus* is one of such plants reported to have antidiabetic property but there is little or no data on the active agent. This chapter therefore provides report on the active principle and mechanism of action underlying the antidiabetic

Diabetes is a disorder where the body cells cannot use glucose effectively due to low insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or insulin insensitivity (Type 2 diabetes), therefore the blood glucose level increases [1]. It is characterized by a fasting blood glucose level higher than 126 mg/dL. It is one of the top 10 causes of death globally. About 463 million adults are living with diabetes; by 2045 this will rise to 700 million and

In 2017, total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. was \$327 billion [3]. Some complications of diabetes are oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, endoplasmic

The management of diabetes has involved many approaches in order to enhance the availability of insulin, boost insulin sensitivity and reduce alpha glucosidase

From research, people with excess weight can greatly manage diabetes by engag-

reticulum (ER) stress [4, 5], retinopathy [6], neuropathy [7], nephropathy [8],

ing in moderate and considerate weight loss plan, also exercise can help control blood sugar levels, reduce glycated hemoglobin and reduce insulin resistance. Antidiabetic drugs are pharmacological substances that are employed in treating hyperglycemia when life style modifications do not bring desired effects [12]. They are categorized into different classes and they work either to enhance synthesis of insulin or reduce blood glucose level using different strategies.

*Cucumis sativus* L.
