**1. Introduction**

Plant diseases are one of the main problems facing agricultural production worldwide, as they cause great losses to basic food crops. They may also lead to a decline in agricultural production. It is one of the plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, and it is one of the summer vegetable crops grown in Iraq and that it is available throughout the year through the use of the open and covered agricultural pattern, according to the conditions that suit production [1].

5.Evaluation of the biological efficacy of medicinal plant extracts (licorice,

*The Activity of New Bio-Agent to Control* Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus *(CMV)*

6.The effect of the complementary treatment with the treatments mentioned above on the seeds on the percentage of their transmission and germination

7.Determining the rate of transmission of the virus in seeds from different

The pathological symptoms of *Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus* are described, which are characterized by the yellowing and mottling that spreads on cucumber leaves and also on the fruits (**Figure 1**), which is a yellow mottling that affects all leaves and after infection the leaves are deformed in addition to stunting, which is accompanied by gradual plant degradation and curling of the leaves, as well as surface roughness. The outer layer of the leaf and the appearance of small prominent growths, these growths are clearly between the small veins [11]. Mosaic cucumber is from the Cucumovirus group that works on the appearance of mosaics and mottles on their families. Gibbs and Harrison [12] stated that this virus causes green mosaic or alternating green and yellow colors with each other on cucumbers. The virus causes symptoms of bundling veins and deformation of the leaves, in addition to the appearance of mosaic and the curvature of modern leaves, and the necks of the leaves are reduced and accompanied by deformation of the fruits on

sespan, and albizia) in inhibiting CMV infection.

sources (local and international).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96587*

strength.

**2. Review of literatures**

**2.1 Cucumber mosaic virus**

*2.1.1 Symptoms*

**FIgure 1.**

**147**

*CMV pathological symptoms.*

CMV virus is worldwide, especially in temperate regions [2], where it can infect more than 800 plant species [3] belonging to about 40 families [2]. Although the main factor that the plant takes in order not to be infected is because it has preventive means that inhibit the direction of pathogens so that the infection occurs under conditions that suit it and suit its success.

CMV belongs to the group of plant viruses to the genus Cucumovirus, as the virus particles are symmetrically spherical, not enveloped, with a diameter of 29 nm, and the virus has several strains that differ among themselves in terms of factors, symptoms of infection and methods of transmission [4].

The stimulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) leads to the interest of many researchers. Many researches and studies have been conducted in the field of biochemical changes in the form of modulating the host's cell wall [5]. The production of phytoalexin [6]. And the manufacture of pathogen-related proteins (Pathogenesis Related Protein) [7]. It has been indicated that treatment with various factors, for example (non-pathogenic organisms, weak pathogens, chemical and industrial compounds, plant extracts, nutritional supplements) has the ability to activate plant defense mechanisms and induce systemic resistance against pathogens [8].

In the field of biological control, bacterial types have been used on many pathogens, including *Pseudomonas fluorescens* and *Bacillus subtillus*, as they have proven effective in controlling many different pathogens, and the reason is due to the ability of the bacteria to produce many growth regulators and thus stimulate resistance in plant and the production of phytotoxins are in addition to being one of the most important growth stimuli.

New methods have been used to resist viruses by using natural nutritional supplements with effective effect, because plants have defensive means, and for this reason, the use of these supplements can be stimulated in addition to the preventive aspect, a decrease in infection parameters, and an increase in growth indicators and outcome [9].

Several methods have been relied upon to diagnose viruses, the first being the symptoms of reagents, and they are of basic methods [10].

In this chapter of the book we will discuss the following topics:


*The Activity of New Bio-Agent to Control* Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus *(CMV) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96587*

