Pea Seed Proteins: A Nutritional and Nutraceutical Update

*Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal, Pooja Salaria and Prashant Kaushik*

#### **Abstract**

Grain legumes are well known as staple sources of soluble protein worldwide. Pea is essentially the most quickly growing crop for immediate human consumption and has the potential for higher effect as being a protein supply for foods processing apps. Pea seeds are an essential source of plant-based proteins. The better acceptance of pea protein-rich food is due to pea manifold attributes, excellent functional qualities, high vitamin value, accessibility, and comparatively small cost. Pea proteins are not merely nutritional amino acids but are an indispensable source of bioactive peptides that offer health benefits. This chapter focuses on the present information of isolation methods, extraction, and of seed proteins in pea. Overall, we believe that analogous research and advancement on pea proteins would be required for further more substantial increase in pea protein utilization is envisaged.

**Keywords:** pea, proteins, food processing, nutritional, health

#### **1. Introduction**

Vegetable seed proteins are widely used as ingredients in the food industry. Peas (*Pisum sativum* L.) have grown to be an essential vegetable source of proteins in addition to a likely replacement for soybean [1]. The better acceptance of pea protein-rich food is due to pea manifold attributes, excellent functional qualities in meals programs, high vitamin value, accessibility, and comparatively small cost. Dry peas have 20–30% lysine content. Pea proteins are mainly storage protein composed of albumins and two globulins, legumin and vicilin [2]. Besides, these protein-rich foods are characterized by higher lysine content. The primary pea storage proteins referred to as legumin and pea legumin is hexamer owning a molecular sector (Mw) ∼ 320 to 380 kDa. The genuinely bioavailable protein has a pile of easily digested protein, getting a gentle flavour. Unlike extra protein powders with among the top eight allergens as soy, dairy-derived whey, pea protein-rich foods are hypoallergenic; thus it's a great protein alternative for each one of those with and with absolutely no allergies [3]. Pea protein dietary supplements are made in many items. The flexible protein has a packaging that is in unflavored and flavoured blends. Additionally, the pea seeds are loaded with fibre, vitamins, along with micro and macroelements [1].

Proteins obtained from plant sources are expanding ingredient of the marketplace in part due to consumer preferences and their comparatively small cost in contrast to animal-derived proteins [4]. Pea ingredients additionally are attractive to the food market because of their low allergenicity, nutritional value and non-GMO status. While pea does consist of antinutritional components which can inhibit

digestion and may have various prospective deleterious effects pea is still viewed as a too wholesome meal as well as is linked with total health benefits beyond elementary nutrition. The health benefits of pea seed proteins derive primarily from the qualities of starch, vitamins, fibre, protein, phytochemicals and minerals in peas. In this direction, mineral contents and the vitamin of peas may play crucial roles in the protection against deficiency-related diseases, particularly those regarding deficiencies of Folate or Selenium. Peas include a range of phytochemicals previously considered just as antinutritive factors. These contain polyphenolics, in coloured seed layer sorts particularly, that contains anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activity, saponins which might exhibit anticarcinogenic and hypocholesterolemic activity, as well galactose oligosaccharides which might exert beneficial prebiotic consequences within the large intestine [5, 6]. Many strategies for the extraction of protein from pea flours have been reported. Each extraction method might select for different protein sorts which consequently influences the final composition and functionality of the isolated product. In this chapter, we have compiled the information related to pea proteins targeting isolation methods, extraction, and of the seed proteins in pea.
