**Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*Hybridogenic Activity of Invasive Species of Asteraceae DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91370*

**6. Conclusions**

2n = 54 [32].

scientific community.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

**108**

Basic Research, grant no. 18-04-00411.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

invasive species are ambiguous.

Thus, the obtained data on hybrid activity among the Asteraceae family of

*Invasive Species - Introduction Pathways, Economic Impact, and Possible Management Options*

taxon, and we can assume the presence of introgressive hybridization of *B. decipiens* with a maternal species. The analysis of ITS1-ITS2 and trnL-trnF sequences showed that *B. decipiens* is of hybrid origin and its maternal form is an aboriginal sequence of *B. cernua* and the paternal one is probably invasive *B. frondosa*. It is possible that *B. decipiens* in its present form has already appeared by introgression, but no morphological differences between supposed hybrids (Belarusian and Kaluga plants) and supposed backcrosses (plants from Moscow and Kaliningrad region) have been revealed. It should be noted that *B. frondosa* itself may be of hybrid origin. In the northwest of Russia, the populations of three taxa of *Solidago* genus—an invasive species of North American origin of *S. canadensis*, an indigenous species of *S. virgaurea*, and their hybrid *S. niederederi—*grow together in the vicinity of the city of Pskov, which was confirmed by the sequence analysis of the ITS1-ITS2 site. Since both parents, especially *S. canadensis*, are quite polymorphic taxa, it is impossible to answer unambiguously which of the two species is maternal and which is paternal. In Southern Europe, the hybriogenic activity of representatives of the genus *Erigeron* is close to zero. The low hybriogenic activity can also be explained by differences in the chromosome set: in *E. canadensis* 2n = 18 and in *E. sumatrensis*

Hybrid *B. decipiens* has a low polymorphism. *B. cernua* is the most polymorphic

Our data on the rare occurrence of hybrids in comparison with parental species in the Asteraceae family contradict the hypothesis explaining the success of plant growth in the new homeland by strengthening hybridization processes in the secondary distribution range [1, 2], but this situation may change in the coming decades, so the hybriogenic activity of invasive species requires attention of the

This study was carried out with partial support from the Russian Foundation for
