*2.2.4 Two new species of Magnolia from Jalisco*

*Magnolia granbarrancae* A. Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & A. Nuño sp. nov. (**Figure 3**, sixth column).

Type: MEXICO. Jalisco: Zapotlanejo municipality, on a slope on the southern margin of the Río Verde river, beside a rocky spring, 80 m NE from Las Cruces ravine, 3–5 km NNW from Matatlán, 20°44<sup>0</sup> 30.4" N, 103°09<sup>0</sup> 56.8" W, 1073 m, 23 Jan 2012 (fl), *M. Á. Muñiz-Castro, R. Murguía, J. Padilla-Lepe & M. Cházaro-Basañez* 918 (holotype IBUG!, isotype, MEXU).

*Diagnosis. Magnolia granbarrancae* is similar to *M*. *pugana* in having broadly obovate sepals, but it differs from the latter in having flowers smaller, 7.0–8.0 vs. 11–14 cm; a tight pollination chamber vs. a loose one; fruit smaller 3.9–5.3 vs. 5.0– 7.5. cm, subglobose to broadly obovoid vs. oblongoid to ellipsoid; carpels more numerous 24–32 vs. 16–22, seeds orange vs. scarlet red.

Trees of (8) 10.0–15.0 m tall, 60–70 cm dbh, *leaves* 11.2–16.6 � (3.5) 4.6–6.3 cm, oblanceolate to elliptical, obtuse at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous, with 20 pairs of lateral veins; linear stipules 0.95–1 � 0.15–0.2 cm; petioles glabrous 1.7–2.0 � 0.1–0.15 cm, open *flowers* 10.0–11.0 cm in diameter, white; glabrous

**Figure 3.** *Morphological divergence in flowers and fruits of* Magnolia *sect.* Magnolia *in Jalisco, Mexico.*

#### *How to Save Endangered Magnolias? From Population Biology to Conservation Action… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94346*

peduncles consisting of two internodes, 1.1–1.8 cm long, and 2.8–3.0 cm long; sepals 3, broadly obovate and strongly navicular, 5.8–6 � 3.1–3.5 cm, greenish beneath, glabrous on both sides; petals 6, at least, broadly obovate and strongly navicular, abruptly attenuated, the 3 outer ones 4.5–5 � 6–6.1 cm, white, glabrous in both faces, with a closed pollination chamber involving inner petals only

5.7–6.0 � 2.6–3.3 cm; stamens 40–46, *fruits* subglobose to broadly obovoid, glabrous, with 16–22 carpels, these, when mature and open, with almost round oval loci, 1.5–2.0 � 1.2–1.3 cm. *Seeds* broadly to narrowly ovoid or prismatic triangular or 0.9–1.1 � 0.6–0.9 cm, with orange sarcotesta.

Ethymology: the species was named after the great canyon in the vicinity of Guadalajara, as Henri Galeotii once name it: "la grande Barranca de Guadalaxara" (McVaugh 1952, Asa Gray Bulletin, Ann Arbor Michigan).

Distribution and habitat: Endemic to the Río Verde canyon, in the municipalities of Zapotlanejo and Ixtlahuacán del Río, Jalisco. Inhabits in steep slopes between 1073 and 1215 m asl, on rocky springs surrounded by tropical dry forest and some mesophytic plants as *Oreopanax peltatus,Trema micrantha, Ardisia sp., Aphananthe monoica, Piper sp.*

Additional specimens examined. JALISCO. Zapotlanejo municipality: Las Cruces ravine, 30 m down the stream pond and the water pump, 20°44<sup>0</sup> 22.21" N, 103° 90 48.01" W, 1215 m, 23 Jan 2012 (fl), *Muñiz-Castro, et al.* 919 (IBUG!). Ixtlahuacán del Río Municipality: North slope of the Barranca del Río Verde, next to a spring, in a mango orchard, 80 m above the river, 1.2 km ENE upriver of the Atengo canyon, 20° 44<sup>0</sup> 0.33" N, 103°11<sup>0</sup> 23" W, 1204 m, 23 Feb 2013 (fr), *Muñiz-Castro*, *et al.* 1161 (IBUG!,)

*Magnolia talpana* A. Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & S. Ortega sp. nov. (**Figure 3**, third column).

Type: MEXICO. Jalisco: Vicinity of Parque Estatal Bosque de Arce. Municipio Talpa de Allende, 2.1 km SW from Los Sauces 20°14<sup>0</sup> 42"N, 104°47<sup>0</sup> 41"W, 1340 m, 12 Abr 2012 (fr), riparian cloud forest, besides a small tributary stream of the Talpa river. *M. Á. Muñiz-Castro & R. Murguía* 970 (holotype: IBUG, isotype: IPN!).

*Diagnosis. Magnolia talpana* is similar to *M. pacifica* in sharing ellipsoid fruits with narrow locules during dehiscence, but it differs from the latter in having flowers smaller, 10.0–11.6 vs. 12–14 cm; a tight pollination chamber involving the outer and inner whorl of petals vs. a loose pollination chamber involving the inner whorl of petals only; open sepals narrowly oblongoid, reflexed and opening up to 170 degrees vs. oblongoid, not reflexed and opening less than 90 degrees; inner whorl of petals varying in size vs. subequal; peduncles pubescent vs. glabrous.

Trees of 15.0–25.0 m tall, *leaves* 8.1–14.9 � 5–7.5 cm, acute at the base, acute to obtuse at the apex, glabrous, with 14–15 pairs of lateral veins; stipules linear or conic when young, and abaxially golden pubescent, yellowish green; petioles glabrous, open *flowers* 10–11.6 cm in diameter, white; a tight pollination chamber involving the outer and inner of petals, 4.8 � 2.1–2.7 cm; peduncles of five internodes, the longest is the most distal one, half the length of sepals (ca. 2.5 cm long); sepals 3, narrowly oblongoid, navicular reflexed and opening up to 170 degrees; 4.3– 5.5 � 1.4–2 cm, white, glabrous on both sides; petals 6, obovate, navicular, abruptly attenuated, the 3 outer ones 5.2–5.9 � 2.9–3.6 cm, white, glabrous in both faces, the 3 inner whorl of petals subequal, 5.3–6.1 � 2.5–2.8 cm; stamens 74–76; gynoecium 2.1 � 1.0 cm, *fruits* ellipsoid with narrow locules during dehiscence, immature fruit 2.0 � 1.1 cm. *Seeds* with red sarcotesta.

Distribution and habitat: Endemic to Talpa de Allende municipality, Jalisco, México, in the east and west branches of the high watershed of the Talpa river and in the Camacho and Desmoronado tributaries of the Tomatlán river, north and above Presa Cajón de Peñas. Inhabiting in cloud forest, riparian forests and ecotones with oak-pine forest.

Additional specimens examined: MEXICO. Jalisco: Municipio Talpa de Allende, 120 m SSW from Peña del Cuervo, 20°130 4.1"N, 104°44<sup>0</sup> 11"W, 2077 m, 16 Jun 2012 (fl), *Muñiz-Castro and Murguía-Araiza 1094* (IBUG!); Cañada Ojo de Agua del Cuervo (Maple Forest), 18.2 km SSE from Talpa de Allende town, 1751 m, 01 Aug 2012 (fl) *Muñiz-Castro et al. 1106* (IBUG!); 17–19 km S from Talpa de Allende, margin W of Río de Talpa, 18–19 Oct 1960 (fr), *McVaugh 20375* (MICH!); 20– 22 km S from Talpa de Allende, margin W of Río de Talpa, 28–30 Mar 1965 (fr), *McVaugh 23313* (MICH!); Cañada Ojo de Agua del Cuervo (Maple Forest), 200 m from the road, 1754 m, 24 Mar 2012 (fr), 20°120 46.5"N, 104°45<sup>0</sup> 25.4"W, *Muñiz-Castro et al.* 941 (IBUG!); path to Coamil de Méndez, tributary of Río Talpa, 2.5 km SW from Los Sauces, 1378 m, 31 Jul 2012 (fr), 20°140 19.1"N, 104°47<sup>0</sup> 48.1"O, *Muñiz-Castro*, *et al*. 1103 (IBUG!).
