**6.2 Role of NBPGR**

This institute was established by the Indian Council of Agriculture research Centre (ICAR) in New Delhi in 1976. In India, the introduction of the plant was done in 1946 in the Division of Botany and a separate introduction was done by Dr.H.B. Singh who made a well-known achievement in the fields of the introduction of plants in India. He also arranged a large collection of germplasm of various species of plants and systemized the research in this field. In 1976, this decision of introduction of plants was revolutionized to an independent agency named NBPGR. The basic function is that it is helpful in the import and export of genetic resources of plants hence facilitating the exchange of germplasm. Also, it promotes activities of germplasm like collection, conservation, documentation, and utilization. It also organizes short term courses of collection, conservation, evaluation, and utilization of genetic resources of crops. Besides, it also guides the development of storage of plants at cold temperatures and short-term conservation of germplasm. It's also a decision about the setting of the gene for endangered species of plants [25].

## **7. Genetic erosion**

It is also known as genetic depletion in which a limited number of genes of species that are endangered get more reduced where reproductive individuals die before reproduction with others in their low population. In a more detailed way, it is described as a loss of some alleles or genes while referring to further loss of the whole phenotypic trait or genotype. It occurs because each individual has a unique set of genes that get lost when they die before they breed. A low level of genetic diversity leads to further reduction of the genetic pool thus breeds a combination and also weakens the immune system taking the species to the level of eventual extinction. Genetic erosion is greatly observed in endangered species. Most crop species get benefits from most of the human-associated programs to keep the production viable. So in this way avoids extinction for a large time frame [26]. A small collection of populations are more vulnerable to erosion than that of a larger one. The level of erosion gets worse and is being accelerated with time-based on the loss of habitat and fragmentation of habitat which also forms the firm basis of barriers inflow of genes between two or more than two types of populations. A genetic pool is a complete set of all alleles investigated by the genetic material of all members of living species or a set of populations. A large pool indicates a greater level of diversity occurring in genetics that is associated with populations that survive as a result of selection phenomenon similarly low level of diversity leads to a reduced level of fitness and increase in chances of extinction of any species [27].

### **7.1 Process of genetic erosion**

Bottlenecks of population results in the creation of genetic pools that possess very few mating partners which are fertile too. Reduction in the number of breed Plants by unique genes will be similar to the situation where dealers operate with similar five cards again and again. Hence producing very few numbers of limited hands. As the sample inbreeds, it's both physical as well as reproductive effects appear to have existence much often. The most common and wide effects are on the Immune system which becomes weaker with time, presenting less resistance to diseases and in turn increases the count of bacteria, virus, parasites resulting in threats of diseases. So even if any endangered species in the genetic pool or bottleneck can bear with human development or growth. So, it faces the threat of epidemic which proves to be dangerous to the whole set of population [28].

#### **7.2 Agricultural or crop plant hazardous loss from genetic erosion**

Erosion in genes has resulted in the loss of a particular gene or gene which has undergone a recombination process i.e., complex set of genes that are either produced locally by the racers of land for domestic plants and animal species that adapt to natural conditions where these species grow. The major force behind the genetic erosion is the clearing of land, over the employment of species, deforestation, and degradation and finally grazing to a large extent. The major factors are the replacement of local varieties with varieties that are found to be non-locale. When commercial species overcome the traditional species and are introduced into the traditional farm system, it will also result in a reduction of a huge collection of varieties however the major problem is that it results in a reduction in tendency for uniformity in both genetic as well as economic factors in the development of a modern form of agriculture. So, if any endangered species can tolerate the process of human development and are adopted at a place much away from their natural habitat. It will still result in facing the danger of a serious threat to the whole population. With the advancement in science and technology, several techniques have been checked for checking defects of genetic erosion which result in the extinction of species that are at the extent of endangerment. But many techniques are very expensive for using them at a practical level. So, the best way is to preserve them by the protection of their natural habitat and to allow them to live in natural conditions as long as possible [29].
