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## Meet the editor

Dr. Hridayesh Prakash is a fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, London. Currently; he is working as an Associate Professor at the Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, NOIDA. He holds expertise in macrophage immunobiology, tumor immunology/immunotherapy, cell-based immunotherapies, pulmonary infection biology, and radiation biology. The main area of his current research is to exploit various immuno-

therapeutics for the management of persistent bacterial/viral infections and gastric cancer. Within this frame, he is unraveling the therapeutic potential of M1 effector macrophages against solid tumors as well as various mechanisms that certain pathogens like *H. pylori, Chlamydia,* and *Mycobacteria* are exploiting for polarizing M1 effector macrophages towards M2 phenotype during chronic and persistent infections. Under this major objective, he is now validating the therapeutic impact of M1 effector macrophages for control of persistent infection driven cancer (adenocarcinoma) progression.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Alice Grigore*

Micro-environment

*and Yu-Sheng Wu*

**Section 2**

Infections

**Section 3**

*and Hridayesh Prakash*

*by Soraya Mezouar and Jean-Louis Mege*

**Preface XI**

Macrophage in Tumor Control **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 43**

Macrophage and Infection Control **53**

**Chapter 4 55**

Macrophage for Neuro-Muscular Disease **71**

**Chapter 5 73**

New Tools for Studying Macrophage Polarization: Application to Bacterial

Pathogenic Role of iNOs+ M1 Effector Macrophages in Fibromyalgia *by Vishwas Tripathi, Amaresh Mishra, Yamini Pathak, Aklank Jain* 

Role of Macrophages in Solid Tumor Metabolism

*by Sibi Raj, Vaishali Chandel, Sujata Maurya and Dhruv Kumar*

Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Plant Compounds

Functional Biomaterials Modulate Macrophage in the Tumour

*by Tsung-Meng Wu, Kuang-Teng Wang, Hisang-Lin Tsai, Fan-Hua Nan* 

### Contents


### **Section 4**

Macrophages in Stroke

### **Chapter 6**

Microglial Plasticity Contributes to Recovery of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells during Experimental Stroke

*by Edna Cristina S. Franco, Marcelo Marques Cardoso, Celice Cordeiro de Souza, Michelle Castro da Silva, Carolina Ramos dos Santos and Walace Gomes-Leal*

Preface

Macrophages are ubiquitous and an integrated part of both innate and adaptive immunity. These cells have been explored as extensive research tools in different contexts. Macrophages display a range of plasticity in their phenotype in different pathological conditions. Peripheral and tissue macrophages together constitute the reticuloendothelial system where they play a major role in sensing pathogens and tumor antigens for their effective eradication. Compared to various immune cells, macrophages display a range of plasticity that qualifies them as one of the potential target cells of the body for the clinical management of various human diseases. Due to their plastic nature, these cells are potentially involved in most immunological

Several research groups, including ours, have demonstrated several MDR/XTR bacteria polarize M1 effector alveolar macrophages towards their M2 phenotype during their persistent infection. This seems to be the potential link to the sensitization for infection and maybe for development of cancer in a host

The current mandate of research in the macrophages immunobiology field mainly lies in the management of the M1/M2 imbalance to minimize the risk of cancer by chronic and persistent lung infection with intracellular pathogens like Chlamydia or Mycobacteria. This may be achieved by targeting major signaling pathways that drive the M2 phenotype and are involved in cancer development e.g. Sphingolipids,

In view of the above, the major focus of this book is to discuss research methodologies, resources, and technologies from the dedicated biological community for identifying the molecular signature involved in the polarization of M1 effector macrophages to M2 during disease. Under the umbrella of this topic, the second major scope of this book is to explore how selective phenotypes of macrophages would improve existing therapies, especially on infection and cancer interface with special emphasis on lung cancers and various gastric inflammatory diseases like IBD, which are responsible for

> **Hridayesh Prakash** Associate Professor,

> > Amity University, Noida, India

Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology,

and physiological responses.

Th2/Th17 responses.

global mortality.

**95**
